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give up the spirit

  • 1 испустить дух

    1) General subject: breathe last gasp, draw one's last breath, expire, gasp out life, gasp out one's life, give up the ghost, slip breath, slip wind, to slinky ( one's) breath (one's wind), breath last gasp, gasp last (последний вздох), breath forth (one's) spirit
    2) Colloquial: snuff out
    4) Makarov: give up the spirit, slip ( one's) breath, slip (one's) wind, yield up breath, life, yield up the ghost, yield up the spirit, draw last breath
    5) Phraseological unit: breath (one's) last

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > испустить дух

  • 2 отдать душу

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > отдать душу

  • 3 отдать богу душу

    to give up the spirit, to yield up the spirit

    Русско-английский словарь по общей лексике > отдать богу душу

  • 4 Ɛyɛ ahoɔden a obi wɔ sɛ obeyi bi ama ne honhom a ɔde yi no na ehia, na ɛnyɛ sika dodow a oyi no.

    sentence
    It is one's capacity to give and the spirit of giving that count, not the amount of money.

    Twi to English dictionary > Ɛyɛ ahoɔden a obi wɔ sɛ obeyi bi ama ne honhom a ɔde yi no na ehia, na ɛnyɛ sika dodow a oyi no.

  • 5 animare

    give life to
    conversazione liven up
    ( promuovere) promote
    * * *
    animare v.tr.
    1 to animate, to give* life to (s.o., sthg.), to liven up, to enliven (anche fig.): una casa che anima il paesaggio, a house that animates (o gives life to) the landscape; animare la conversazione, to enliven (o to animate) conversation; animare una festa, to liven up a party; la gioia le animava il volto, joy lit up her face; lo spirito che anima le sue opere, the spirit that breathes through his works
    2 ( stimolare) to stimulate; ( incoraggiare) to encourage: animare scambi commerciali, to stimulate (o to encourage) commercial exchanges; animare i soldati, to encourage the soldiers // essere animato da buone intenzioni, to be well-meaning; essere animato da buoni sentimenti verso qlcu., to have a good feeling about s.o.
    ◘ animarsi v.intr.pron.
    1 to become* animated, to become* livelier; ( di persone) to get* lively; ( di cose) to get* busy: la discussione si animò, the debate became livelier; le vie si andavano animando, the streets got busy
    2 ( illuminarsi) to light* up; ( rallegrarsi) to brighten up: il suo viso si animò, her face lit (o brightened) up.
    * * *
    [ani'mare]
    1. vt
    1) (dare vita a) to animate, (serata, conversazione) to liven up, enliven
    2) (sogg : sentimento) to drive, impel
    3) (incoraggiare: persona, commercio) to encourage
    2. vip (animarsi)
    (persona, oggetto, strada) to come to life, (festa) to liven up, become animated, (scaldarsi: conversazione, persona) to become animated
    * * *
    [ani'mare] 1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) (rendere vivace) to animate, to enliven [conversazione, riunione]; to pep (up), to liven up, to jazz up colloq. [luogo, serata]; to brighten up [ giornata]
    2) (stimolare) [sentimento, desiderio] to animate, to inspire, to encourage [persona, squadra, impresa]
    2.
    verbo pronominale animarsi (vivacizzarsi) [ conversazione] to grow* heated, to get* heated; [ viso] to light* up; [luogo, festa, pubblico] to liven up, to come* alive
    * * *
    animare
    /ani'mare/ [1]
     1 (rendere vivace) to animate, to enliven [conversazione, riunione]; to pep (up), to liven up, to jazz up colloq. [luogo, serata]; to brighten up [ giornata]
     2 (stimolare) [sentimento, desiderio] to animate, to inspire, to encourage [persona, squadra, impresa]
    II animarsi verbo pronominale
      (vivacizzarsi) [ conversazione] to grow* heated, to get* heated; [ viso] to light* up; [luogo, festa, pubblico] to liven up, to come* alive.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > animare

  • 6 испустит дух

    Синонимический ряд:
    умереть (глаг.) заснуть вечным сном; кончиться; лечь в землю; лечь в могилу; опочить; отдать богу душу; отойти; отправиться на тот свет; помереть; почить; преставиться; скончаться; угаснуть; уйти в могилу; уйти от нас; умереть; упокоиться

    Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > испустит дух

  • 7 Geist

    m; -(e)s, -er
    1. nur Sg.; (Verstand) mind; (Intellekt) intellect; (Sinn, Gemüt) mind; (Witz) wit; (Seele) spirit; Geist und Körper mind and body, body and spirit; Mann von Geist man of wit; vor Geist sprühen oder seinen Geist sprühen lassen scintillate; den oder seinen Geist aushauchen geh. euph. (sterben) give up the ghost; den Geist aufgeben umg. (kaputtgehen) give up the ghost, conk out; das / er geht mir auf den Geist umg. it / he really gets on my nerves, it’s / he’s driving me crazy; im Geiste in one’s mind’s eye; im Geiste sah sie sich schon als Siegerin she already imagined ( oder saw) herself as the winner; wir werden im Geiste bei euch sein we will be with you in spirit; der Geist ist willig, aber das Fleisch ist schwach the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak
    2. nur Sg.; (Einstellung) spirit; (Verfassung) morale; (Atmosphäre) atmosphere, vibes Pl. umg.; der olympische Geist the Olympic spirit; der Geist des Christentums etc. the spirit of Christianity etc.; es herrschte ein kameradschaftlicher Geist there was a comradely spirit; in jemandes Geiste handeln act in the spirit of s.o.; daran sieht man, wes Geistes Kind er ist it says a lot about him
    3. überirdischer: spirit; (Gespenst) ghost; (Erscheinung) apparition; ich glaube nicht an Geister I don’t believe in ghosts; böser Geist evil spirit, demon; der Böse Geist KIRCHL. the Evil One; hier geht ein Geist um this place is haunted; bist du denn von allen guten Geistern verlassen? are you out of your mind?, have you taken leave of your senses?; heilig
    4. fig. Person: großer Geist great mind ( oder thinker); kleiner Geist small-minded person; dienstbarer Geist umg., hum. (Dienstbote) servant, domestic treasure; jemandes guter Geist s.o.’s guiding light; sie ist der gute Geist der Abteilung she is the moving spirit in the department; sie ist ein unruhiger Geist she’s a restless person ( oder spirit), she can’t sit still for one moment, she’s up and down like a yoyo umg.; scheiden III
    * * *
    der Geist
    (Gespenst) specter; ghost; phantom; spectre;
    (Seele) animus; spirit;
    (Verstand) brains; intellect; mind;
    (Witz) wit
    * * *
    [gaist]
    m -(e)s, -er
    1) no pl (= Denken, Vernunft) mind

    der menschliche Géíst, der Géíst des Menschen — the human mind

    Géíst und Materie — mind and matter

    mit Géíst begabt — endowed with a mind

    "Phänomenologie des Géístes" — "Phenomenology of the Spirit"

    2) (REL = Seele, außerirdisches Wesen) spirit; (= Gespenst) ghost

    Géíst und Körper — mind and body

    seinen Géíst aufgeben or aushauchen (liter, iro) — to give up the ghost

    der Géíst ist willig, aber das Fleisch ist schwach (prov) — the spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak

    der Heilige Géíst — the Holy Ghost or Spirit

    der Géíst Gottes — the Spirit of God

    der böse Géíst — the Evil One

    der Géíst der Finsternis — the Prince of Darkness

    gute/böse Géíster — good/evil spirits

    die Stunde der Géíster — the witching hour

    der gute Géíst des Hauses (geh) — the moving spirit in the household

    von allen guten Géístern verlassen sein (inf) — to have taken leave of one's senses (inf)

    jdm auf den Géíst gehen (inf) — to get on sb's nerves

    in dem Schloss gehen Géíster um — the castle is haunted, the castle is walked by ghosts (liter)

    3) (no pl = Intellekt) intellect, mind; (fig = Denker, Genie) mind

    Géíst haben — to have a good mind or intellect; (Witz) to show wit

    einen regen/lebhaften Géíst haben —

    ein Mann von großem Géíst — a man of great intellect, a man with a great mind

    die Rede zeugte nicht von großem Géíst — the speech was not particularly brilliant

    das geht über meinen Géíst (inf) — that's way over my head (inf), that's beyond me (inf)

    hier scheiden sich die Géíster — this is the parting of the ways

    seinen Géíst anstrengen (inf) — to use one's brains (inf)

    sie sind verwandte Géíster — they are kindred spirits

    kleine Géíster (iro: ungebildet) — people of limited intellect; (kleinmütig) small-minded or petty-minded people

    See:
    4) no pl (= Wesen, Sinn, Gesinnung) spirit

    in kameradschaftlichem Géíst — in a spirit of comradeship

    in diesem Büro herrscht ein kollegialer Géíst — this office has a friendly atmosphere

    in seinem/ihrem Géíst — in his/her spirit

    in jds Géíst handeln — to act in the spirit of sb

    der Géíst der Zeit/der russischen Sprache — the spirit or genius (liter) of the times/of the Russian language

    nach dem Géíst des Gesetzes, nicht nach seinem Buchstaben gehen — to go by the spirit rather than the letter of the law

    daran zeigt sich, wes Géístes Kind er ist — that (just) shows what kind of person he is

    5) no pl (= Vorstellung) mind

    etw im Géíst(e) vor sich sehen — to see sth in one's mind's eye

    sich im Géíst(e) als etw/als jd/an einem Ort sehen — to see or picture oneself as sth/as sb/in a place

    im Géíste bin ich bei euch — I am with you in spirit, my thoughts are with you

    * * *
    der
    1) (a spirit, usually of a dead person: Do you believe in ghosts?; Hamlet thought he saw his father's ghost.) ghost
    2) (a principle or emotion which makes someone act: The spirit of kindness seems to be lacking in the world nowadays.) spirit
    3) (a person's mind, will, personality etc thought of as distinct from the body, or as remaining alive eg as a ghost when the body dies: Our great leader may be dead, but his spirit still lives on; ( also adjective) the spirit world; Evil spirits have taken possession of him.) spirit
    4) (an elf or fairy: a water-sprite.) sprite
    * * *
    Geist1
    <-[e]s, -e>
    [ˈgaist]
    m
    1. kein pl (Vernunft) mind
    die Rede zeugte nicht von großem \Geist the speech was no testament to a great mind
    ihr \Geist ist verwirrt she's mentally deranged
    seinen \Geist anstrengen to put one's mind to it
    seinen \Geist aushauchen (euph geh) to breathe one's last
    jdm [mit etw dat] auf den \Geist gehen (fam) to get on sb's nerves [with sth] fam
    im \Geist[e] (in Gedanken) in spirit, in one's thoughts; (in der Vorstellung) in one's mind's eye, in one's thoughts
    etw im \Geiste vor sich dat sehen to see sth in one's mind's eye, to picture sth
    \Geist und Körper body and mind
    der menschliche \Geist, der \Geist des Menschen the human mind
    2. kein pl (Witz) wit
    er sprühte vor \Geist he was as witty as could be
    eine Rede voller \Geist und Witz a witty speech
    \Geist haben to have esprit
    ein Mann ohne/von \Geist a dull/witty man
    \Geist versprühen to be scintillating
    3. kein pl (Gesinnung) spirit
    in diesem Büro herrscht ein kollegialer \Geist there's a spirit of cooperation in this office
    an \Geist und Buchstaben einer S. gen halten to observe the spirit and letter of sth
    der freie \Geist free thought
    in kameradschaftlichem \Geist in a spirit of camaraderie [or comradeship]
    in jds \Geist how sb would have wished
    der \Geist der Zeit the spirit of the times [or age
    4. (Destillat) spirit
    5.
    ▶ seinen [o den] \Geist aufgeben (iron veraltet: sterben) to give up the ghost, to breathe one's last; (hum fam: kaputtgehen) to give up the ghost
    ▶ wes \Geistes Kind jd ist the kind of person sb is
    ▶ da [o hier] scheiden sich die \Geister opinions differ here
    ▶ der \Geist ist willig, aber das Fleisch ist schwach the spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak
    Geist2
    <-[e]s, -e>
    m
    1. (Denker) mind, intellect
    große \Geister stört das nicht (hum fam) that doesn't bother me/us etc.
    kleiner \Geist small-minded person, person of limited intellect
    2. (Charakter) spirit
    ein guter \Geist an angel
    der gute \Geist des Hauses the moving [or guiding] spirit of the household
    ein unruhiger \Geist a restive spirit, a restless creature
    verwandte \Geister kindred spirits
    3. (Wesenheit) spirit
    der böse \Geist the Evil One old
    dienstbarer \Geist ministering spirit
    der \Geist der Finsternis (geh) the Prince of Darkness
    der \Geist Gottes the Spirit of God
    der Heilige \Geist the Holy Ghost
    4. (Gespenst) ghost
    ihm erschien der \Geist seiner toten Mutter he was visited by the ghost of his dead mother
    \Geister gehen hier um this place is haunted
    wie ein \Geist aussehen to look very pale; krank a. to look like death warmed up [or AM over] fam; erschreckt a. to look as if one has seen a ghost
    einen \Geist beschwören to invoke a spirit
    böse/gute \Geister evil/good spirits
    5.
    ▶ dienstbarer \Geist (hum fam) servant
    ▶ von allen guten \Geistern verlassen sein (fam) to have taken leave of one's senses
    ▶ jdm als Heiliger \Geist erscheinen, jdm den Heiligen \Geist schicken MIL, SCH (veraltet sl) to don fancy dress at night and thrash sb sleeping in bed
    * * *
    der; Geist[e]s, Geister
    1) o. Pl. (Verstand) mind

    jemandes Geist ist verwirrt/gestört — somebody is mentally deranged/disturbed

    jemandem mit etwas auf den Geist gehen — (salopp) get on somebody's nerves with something

    den Geist aufgeben — (geh./ugs. scherzh., auch fig.) give up the ghost

    im Geist[e] — in my/his etc. mind's eye

    2) o. Pl. (Scharfsinn) wit
    3) o. Pl. (innere Einstellung) spirit
    4) (denkender Mensch) mind; intellect

    ein großer/kleiner Geist — a great mind/a person of limited intellect

    hier od. da scheiden sich die Geister — this is where opinions differ

    der Heilige Geist — (christl. Rel.) the Holy Ghost or Spirit

    von allen guten Geistern verlassen sein — have taken leave of one's senses; be out of one's mind

    6) (Gespenst) ghost

    Geister gehen im Schloss um/spuken im Schloss — the castle is haunted

    * * *
    Geist m; -(e)s, -er
    1. nur sg; (Verstand) mind; (Intellekt) intellect; (Sinn, Gemüt) mind; (Witz) wit; (Seele) spirit;
    Geist und Körper mind and body, body and spirit;
    Mann von Geist man of wit;
    seinen Geist aushauchen geh euph (sterben) give up the ghost;
    den Geist aufgeben umg (kaputtgehen) give up the ghost, conk out;
    das/er geht mir auf den Geist umg it/he really gets on my nerves, it’s/he’s driving me crazy;
    im Geiste in one’s mind’s eye;
    im Geiste sah sie sich schon als Siegerin she already imagined ( oder saw) herself as the winner;
    wir werden im Geiste bei euch sein we will be with you in spirit;
    der Geist ist willig, aber das Fleisch ist schwach the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak
    2. nur sg; (Einstellung) spirit; (Verfassung) morale; (Atmosphäre) atmosphere, vibes pl umg;
    der olympische Geist the Olympic spirit;
    der Geist des Christentums etc the spirit of Christianity etc;
    es herrschte ein kameradschaftlicher Geist there was a comradely spirit;
    in jemandes Geiste handeln act in the spirit of sb;
    daran sieht man, wes Geistes Kind er ist it says a lot about him
    3. überirdischer: spirit; (Gespenst) ghost; (Erscheinung) apparition;
    ich glaube nicht an Geister I don’t believe in ghosts;
    böser Geist evil spirit, demon;
    der Böse Geist KIRCHE the Evil One;
    hier geht ein Geist um this place is haunted;
    bist du denn von allen guten Geistern verlassen? are you out of your mind?, have you taken leave of your senses?; → heilig
    4. fig Person:
    großer Geist great mind ( oder thinker);
    kleiner Geist small-minded person;
    dienstbarer Geist umg, hum (Dienstbote) servant, domestic treasure;
    jemandes guter Geist sb’s guiding light;
    sie ist der gute Geist der Abteilung she is the moving spirit in the department;
    sie ist ein unruhiger Geist she’s a restless person ( oder spirit), she can’t sit still for one moment, she’s up and down like a yoyo umg; → scheiden C
    * * *
    der; Geist[e]s, Geister
    1) o. Pl. (Verstand) mind

    jemandes Geist ist verwirrt/gestört — somebody is mentally deranged/disturbed

    jemandem mit etwas auf den Geist gehen — (salopp) get on somebody's nerves with something

    den Geist aufgeben — (geh./ugs. scherzh., auch fig.) give up the ghost

    im Geist[e] — in my/his etc. mind's eye

    2) o. Pl. (Scharfsinn) wit
    3) o. Pl. (innere Einstellung) spirit
    4) (denkender Mensch) mind; intellect

    ein großer/kleiner Geist — a great mind/a person of limited intellect

    hier od. da scheiden sich die Geister — this is where opinions differ

    der Heilige Geist — (christl. Rel.) the Holy Ghost or Spirit

    von allen guten Geistern verlassen sein — have taken leave of one's senses; be out of one's mind

    6) (Gespenst) ghost

    Geister gehen im Schloss um/spuken im Schloss — the castle is haunted

    * * *
    -er m.
    esprit n.
    ghost n.
    mind n.
    soul n.
    specter n.
    spirit n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Geist

  • 8 geist

    m; -(e)s, -er
    1. nur Sg.; (Verstand) mind; (Intellekt) intellect; (Sinn, Gemüt) mind; (Witz) wit; (Seele) spirit; Geist und Körper mind and body, body and spirit; Mann von Geist man of wit; vor Geist sprühen oder seinen Geist sprühen lassen scintillate; den oder seinen Geist aushauchen geh. euph. (sterben) give up the ghost; den Geist aufgeben umg. (kaputtgehen) give up the ghost, conk out; das / er geht mir auf den Geist umg. it / he really gets on my nerves, it’s / he’s driving me crazy; im Geiste in one’s mind’s eye; im Geiste sah sie sich schon als Siegerin she already imagined ( oder saw) herself as the winner; wir werden im Geiste bei euch sein we will be with you in spirit; der Geist ist willig, aber das Fleisch ist schwach the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak
    2. nur Sg.; (Einstellung) spirit; (Verfassung) morale; (Atmosphäre) atmosphere, vibes Pl. umg.; der olympische Geist the Olympic spirit; der Geist des Christentums etc. the spirit of Christianity etc.; es herrschte ein kameradschaftlicher Geist there was a comradely spirit; in jemandes Geiste handeln act in the spirit of s.o.; daran sieht man, wes Geistes Kind er ist it says a lot about him
    3. überirdischer: spirit; (Gespenst) ghost; (Erscheinung) apparition; ich glaube nicht an Geister I don’t believe in ghosts; böser Geist evil spirit, demon; der Böse Geist KIRCHL. the Evil One; hier geht ein Geist um this place is haunted; bist du denn von allen guten Geistern verlassen? are you out of your mind?, have you taken leave of your senses?; heilig
    4. fig. Person: großer Geist great mind ( oder thinker); kleiner Geist small-minded person; dienstbarer Geist umg., hum. (Dienstbote) servant, domestic treasure; jemandes guter Geist s.o.’s guiding light; sie ist der gute Geist der Abteilung she is the moving spirit in the department; sie ist ein unruhiger Geist she’s a restless person ( oder spirit), she can’t sit still for one moment, she’s up and down like a yoyo umg.; scheiden III
    * * *
    der Geist
    (Gespenst) specter; ghost; phantom; spectre;
    (Seele) animus; spirit;
    (Verstand) brains; intellect; mind;
    (Witz) wit
    * * *
    [gaist]
    m -(e)s, -er
    1) no pl (= Denken, Vernunft) mind

    der menschliche Géíst, der Géíst des Menschen — the human mind

    Géíst und Materie — mind and matter

    mit Géíst begabt — endowed with a mind

    "Phänomenologie des Géístes" — "Phenomenology of the Spirit"

    2) (REL = Seele, außerirdisches Wesen) spirit; (= Gespenst) ghost

    Géíst und Körper — mind and body

    seinen Géíst aufgeben or aushauchen (liter, iro) — to give up the ghost

    der Géíst ist willig, aber das Fleisch ist schwach (prov) — the spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak

    der Heilige Géíst — the Holy Ghost or Spirit

    der Géíst Gottes — the Spirit of God

    der böse Géíst — the Evil One

    der Géíst der Finsternis — the Prince of Darkness

    gute/böse Géíster — good/evil spirits

    die Stunde der Géíster — the witching hour

    der gute Géíst des Hauses (geh) — the moving spirit in the household

    von allen guten Géístern verlassen sein (inf) — to have taken leave of one's senses (inf)

    jdm auf den Géíst gehen (inf) — to get on sb's nerves

    in dem Schloss gehen Géíster um — the castle is haunted, the castle is walked by ghosts (liter)

    3) (no pl = Intellekt) intellect, mind; (fig = Denker, Genie) mind

    Géíst haben — to have a good mind or intellect; (Witz) to show wit

    einen regen/lebhaften Géíst haben —

    ein Mann von großem Géíst — a man of great intellect, a man with a great mind

    die Rede zeugte nicht von großem Géíst — the speech was not particularly brilliant

    das geht über meinen Géíst (inf) — that's way over my head (inf), that's beyond me (inf)

    hier scheiden sich die Géíster — this is the parting of the ways

    seinen Géíst anstrengen (inf) — to use one's brains (inf)

    sie sind verwandte Géíster — they are kindred spirits

    kleine Géíster (iro: ungebildet) — people of limited intellect; (kleinmütig) small-minded or petty-minded people

    See:
    4) no pl (= Wesen, Sinn, Gesinnung) spirit

    in kameradschaftlichem Géíst — in a spirit of comradeship

    in diesem Büro herrscht ein kollegialer Géíst — this office has a friendly atmosphere

    in seinem/ihrem Géíst — in his/her spirit

    in jds Géíst handeln — to act in the spirit of sb

    der Géíst der Zeit/der russischen Sprache — the spirit or genius (liter) of the times/of the Russian language

    nach dem Géíst des Gesetzes, nicht nach seinem Buchstaben gehen — to go by the spirit rather than the letter of the law

    daran zeigt sich, wes Géístes Kind er ist — that (just) shows what kind of person he is

    5) no pl (= Vorstellung) mind

    etw im Géíst(e) vor sich sehen — to see sth in one's mind's eye

    sich im Géíst(e) als etw/als jd/an einem Ort sehen — to see or picture oneself as sth/as sb/in a place

    im Géíste bin ich bei euch — I am with you in spirit, my thoughts are with you

    * * *
    der
    1) (a spirit, usually of a dead person: Do you believe in ghosts?; Hamlet thought he saw his father's ghost.) ghost
    2) (a principle or emotion which makes someone act: The spirit of kindness seems to be lacking in the world nowadays.) spirit
    3) (a person's mind, will, personality etc thought of as distinct from the body, or as remaining alive eg as a ghost when the body dies: Our great leader may be dead, but his spirit still lives on; ( also adjective) the spirit world; Evil spirits have taken possession of him.) spirit
    4) (an elf or fairy: a water-sprite.) sprite
    * * *
    Geist1
    <-[e]s, -e>
    [ˈgaist]
    m
    1. kein pl (Vernunft) mind
    die Rede zeugte nicht von großem \Geist the speech was no testament to a great mind
    ihr \Geist ist verwirrt she's mentally deranged
    seinen \Geist anstrengen to put one's mind to it
    seinen \Geist aushauchen (euph geh) to breathe one's last
    jdm [mit etw dat] auf den \Geist gehen (fam) to get on sb's nerves [with sth] fam
    im \Geist[e] (in Gedanken) in spirit, in one's thoughts; (in der Vorstellung) in one's mind's eye, in one's thoughts
    etw im \Geiste vor sich dat sehen to see sth in one's mind's eye, to picture sth
    \Geist und Körper body and mind
    der menschliche \Geist, der \Geist des Menschen the human mind
    2. kein pl (Witz) wit
    er sprühte vor \Geist he was as witty as could be
    eine Rede voller \Geist und Witz a witty speech
    \Geist haben to have esprit
    ein Mann ohne/von \Geist a dull/witty man
    \Geist versprühen to be scintillating
    3. kein pl (Gesinnung) spirit
    in diesem Büro herrscht ein kollegialer \Geist there's a spirit of cooperation in this office
    an \Geist und Buchstaben einer S. gen halten to observe the spirit and letter of sth
    der freie \Geist free thought
    in kameradschaftlichem \Geist in a spirit of camaraderie [or comradeship]
    in jds \Geist how sb would have wished
    der \Geist der Zeit the spirit of the times [or age
    4. (Destillat) spirit
    5.
    ▶ seinen [o den] \Geist aufgeben (iron veraltet: sterben) to give up the ghost, to breathe one's last; (hum fam: kaputtgehen) to give up the ghost
    ▶ wes \Geistes Kind jd ist the kind of person sb is
    ▶ da [o hier] scheiden sich die \Geister opinions differ here
    ▶ der \Geist ist willig, aber das Fleisch ist schwach the spirit is willing, but the flesh is weak
    Geist2
    <-[e]s, -e>
    m
    1. (Denker) mind, intellect
    große \Geister stört das nicht (hum fam) that doesn't bother me/us etc.
    kleiner \Geist small-minded person, person of limited intellect
    2. (Charakter) spirit
    ein guter \Geist an angel
    der gute \Geist des Hauses the moving [or guiding] spirit of the household
    ein unruhiger \Geist a restive spirit, a restless creature
    verwandte \Geister kindred spirits
    3. (Wesenheit) spirit
    der böse \Geist the Evil One old
    dienstbarer \Geist ministering spirit
    der \Geist der Finsternis (geh) the Prince of Darkness
    der \Geist Gottes the Spirit of God
    der Heilige \Geist the Holy Ghost
    4. (Gespenst) ghost
    ihm erschien der \Geist seiner toten Mutter he was visited by the ghost of his dead mother
    \Geister gehen hier um this place is haunted
    wie ein \Geist aussehen to look very pale; krank a. to look like death warmed up [or AM over] fam; erschreckt a. to look as if one has seen a ghost
    einen \Geist beschwören to invoke a spirit
    böse/gute \Geister evil/good spirits
    5.
    ▶ dienstbarer \Geist (hum fam) servant
    ▶ von allen guten \Geistern verlassen sein (fam) to have taken leave of one's senses
    ▶ jdm als Heiliger \Geist erscheinen, jdm den Heiligen \Geist schicken MIL, SCH (veraltet sl) to don fancy dress at night and thrash sb sleeping in bed
    * * *
    der; Geist[e]s, Geister
    1) o. Pl. (Verstand) mind

    jemandes Geist ist verwirrt/gestört — somebody is mentally deranged/disturbed

    jemandem mit etwas auf den Geist gehen — (salopp) get on somebody's nerves with something

    den Geist aufgeben — (geh./ugs. scherzh., auch fig.) give up the ghost

    im Geist[e] — in my/his etc. mind's eye

    2) o. Pl. (Scharfsinn) wit
    3) o. Pl. (innere Einstellung) spirit
    4) (denkender Mensch) mind; intellect

    ein großer/kleiner Geist — a great mind/a person of limited intellect

    hier od. da scheiden sich die Geister — this is where opinions differ

    der Heilige Geist — (christl. Rel.) the Holy Ghost or Spirit

    von allen guten Geistern verlassen sein — have taken leave of one's senses; be out of one's mind

    6) (Gespenst) ghost

    Geister gehen im Schloss um/spuken im Schloss — the castle is haunted

    * * *
    …geist m im subst; CHEM, GASTR spirit(s pl US);
    Himbeergeist (white) raspberry brandy;
    Mirabellengeist plum brandy
    * * *
    der; Geist[e]s, Geister
    1) o. Pl. (Verstand) mind

    jemandes Geist ist verwirrt/gestört — somebody is mentally deranged/disturbed

    jemandem mit etwas auf den Geist gehen — (salopp) get on somebody's nerves with something

    den Geist aufgeben — (geh./ugs. scherzh., auch fig.) give up the ghost

    im Geist[e] — in my/his etc. mind's eye

    2) o. Pl. (Scharfsinn) wit
    3) o. Pl. (innere Einstellung) spirit
    4) (denkender Mensch) mind; intellect

    ein großer/kleiner Geist — a great mind/a person of limited intellect

    hier od. da scheiden sich die Geister — this is where opinions differ

    der Heilige Geist — (christl. Rel.) the Holy Ghost or Spirit

    von allen guten Geistern verlassen sein — have taken leave of one's senses; be out of one's mind

    6) (Gespenst) ghost

    Geister gehen im Schloss um/spuken im Schloss — the castle is haunted

    * * *
    -er m.
    esprit n.
    ghost n.
    mind n.
    soul n.
    specter n.
    spirit n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > geist

  • 9 duch

    m 1. (zjawa) ghost, spirit
    - duch zamordowanego rycerza the ghost of a murdered knight
    - historie o duchach ghost stories
    - wywoływać duchy to conjure up ghosts a. spirits
    - bać się duchów to be frightened of ghosts
    - wierzyć w duchy to believe in ghosts a. spirits
    - w duchy wierzysz!iron. you must be joking, are you kidding?
    2. Mitol., Relig. spirit
    - duchy przodków ghosts of ancestors
    - dobre/opiekuńcze duchy good/tutelary spirits
    - duch Boży Bibl. the spirit of God
    - duch nieczysty Bibl. unclean spirit
    - zły duch evil spirit także przen.
    - on jest twoim złym duchem he’s a bad influence on you
    3. Relig. (dusza) soul
    - ubodzy duchem Bibl. the poor in spirit
    - oddać ducha (Bogu)książk. to die
    - wyzionąć ducha pot. to give up the ghost
    - upał był taki, że mało ducha nie wyzionąłem a. że myślałem, że ducha wyzionępot. it was so hot I thought I was going to drop dead a. give up the ghost on the spot pot.
    - leżeć bez ducha to lie (as if) lifeless
    - paść bez ducha to collapse
    4. Filoz. (przeciwieństwo materii) spirit 5. sgt (psychika) spirit, mind; (nastrój) spirits pl
    - wolny/niespokojny duch a free spirit
    - przymioty czyjegoś ducha the attributes of sb’s spirit
    - pogoda ducha cheerfulness
    - być pokarmem dla ducha to be good for the soul
    - w duchu [wierzyć, sądzić, uważać] in one’s heart of hearts
    - śmiać się w duchu to laugh up one’s sleeve
    - w głębi ducha in one’s heart of hearts
    - nieobecny duchem miles away przen.
    - młody duchem young at heart
    - osoba małego/wielkiego ducha a narrow-minded/a generous-spirited person
    - podnieść kogoś na duchu to raise sb’s spirits
    - tracić ducha a. upadać na duchu to lose heart
    - jest mi raźniej na duchu my spirits have risen
    - jest im ciężko na duchu they are in low spirits, their spirits have sunk
    6. (nastawienie) spirit
    - duch współpracy/wspólnoty team/community spirit
    - mieć w sobie ducha przekory to be a contradictory soul
    - okazywać ducha walki/współzawodnictwa to show a fighting/competitive spirit
    - robić coś w duchu optymizmu/pokory/przebaczenia to do sth in a spirit of optimism/humility/forgiveness
    - w duchu społecznym/patriotycznym in a public-spirited/patriotic way
    7. sgt (odwaga) spirit
    - człowiek wielkiego/małego ducha a faint-hearted/courageous person a. individual
    - okazać hart ducha to show spirit
    - złamać czyjegoś ducha to break sb’s spirit
    - tracić ducha to lose spirit a. heart
    - upadać na duchu to become dispirited
    - nabrać ducha to recover one’s courage
    8. sgt (kultury, społeczności) spirit (czegoś of sth); (języka, narodu, epoki) genius książk. (czegoś of sth)
    - duch liberalizmu/chrześcijański liberal/Christian spirit
    - duch czasu the spirit of the times a. age
    - iść z duchem czasu to move with the times
    - w duchu lat 60. in the spirit of the 1960s
    - przestrzegać ducha prawa/umowy to be in the spirit of the law/agreement
    - złamano ducha ustawy the law has been broken in spirit
    - przekład nie oddaje ducha oryginału the translation is not true to the original a. is not in the spirit of the original
    9. (osoba) genius
    - □ Duch Święty Relig. the Holy Spirit a. Ghost
    ■ co duch a. duchem przest. instanter przest.; with all speed
    - wszelki duch (Pana Boga chwali) as I live and breathe!
    - ani żywego ducha not a soul
    - nowy duch wstąpił w a. ożywił kogoś sb has taken heart
    * * *
    -a; m
    spirit; ( zjawa) nom pl; -y ghost

    Duch Święty — REL Holy Spirit lub Ghost

    wyzionąć ( perf) ducha — to give up the ghost

    zły duch — jinx, gremlin; ( osoba) evil genius

    podnosić (podnieść perf) kogoś na duchu — to cheer sb up, to raise sb's spirit

    * * *
    ma
    1. (= wnętrze człowieka) spirit, soul, mind; okazać hart ducha demonstrate l. display l. show fortitude; spokój ducha ease l. peace of mind; w skrytości ducha secretly, deep inside one's mind l. heart; w duchu inwardly; w głębi ducha secretly, inwardly; jesteś jeszcze młody duchem you're still young at heart, your mind is still young; teraz mi raźniej na duchu I am cheered l. heartened now; przebywać gdzieś (daleko) duchem be absent-minded, be engrossed in one's thoughts, seem to be far away.
    2. fil., rel. soul, spirit, ghost; zły duch (= diabeł) devil, Satan; (= osoba) jinx, evil spirit l. genius; dobry duch good spirit; duchy opiekuńcze attendant spirits; oddać Bogu ducha give up the ghost; Bogu ducha winien as innocent as a (new-born) babe; wszelki duch Pana Boga chwali! God! You scared the living daylights out of me!; (God) bless my soul!; where the devil did you come from?!; nie było tam żywego ducha there wasn't a (living) soul there; wyzionąć ducha give up the ghost; upaść bez ducha fall lifeless, drop breathless; ledwie się duch w nim kołacze he is on his last legs; Duch Święty rel. the Holy Spirit l. Ghost.
    3. (= zjawa) ghost, spirit; wywoływać duchy conjure (up) spirits, evoke spirits; zniknąć jak duch disappear like a ghost.
    4. (= usposobienie) spirit; człowiek wielkiego ducha big-hearted person; niespokojny duch restless spirit; buntowniczy duch rebellious spirit.
    5. (= nastrój) spirit, atmosphere, climate; spotkanie odbyło się w duchu pojednania meeting was held in a spirit l. an atmosphere of reconciliation; duch czasów spirit of the times; iść z duchem czasu keep up with the times; duch narodowy national spirit.
    6. (= zapał) spirit; brak wam ducha! you're lacking spirit!; dodać komuś ducha walki hearten sb, get up sb's courage; podnieść kogoś na duchu cheer sb up, raise l. lift sb's spirits; nabrać ducha muster courage, be heartened; odebrać komuś ducha break sb's spirit, take the heart out of sb; nowy duch wstąpił we mnie I recovered my courage, I recovered my will to act; nie traćcie ducha don't lose heart; upadać na duchu lose heart.

    The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > duch

  • 10 anima

    "core;
    Steg;
    Seele;
    alma"
    * * *
    f soul
    non c'è anima viva there isn't a soul to be seen
    colloq rompere l'anima a qualcuno get on someone's nerves colloq
    * * *
    anima s.f.
    1 soul: anima e corpo, body and soul; darsi a qlco. anima e corpo, to give oneself body and soul to sthg. (o to throw oneself heart and soul into sthg. o to throw one's whole soul into sthg.); la salvezza dell' anima, the salvation of one's soul; cura d'anime, care of souls; le anime dei defunti, the souls of the departed; anime dannate, beate, purganti, lost, blessed souls, souls in Purgatory; render l'anima, to die (o to give up the ghost o to breathe one's last); raccomandarsi l'anima a Dio, to commend one's soul to God // vender l'anima al diavolo, to sell one's soul to the devil // la buon' anima ( dello zio), lo zio buon'anima, my dear departed uncle // anima candida, simple soul // un' anima in pena, a soul in torment // essere l'anima nera di qlcu., to be an evil spirit behind s.o. // avere qlco. sull'anima, to be burdened with sthg. // dannarsi l'anima, (fam.) to go mad; far dannare l'anima a qlcu., (fam.) to torment s.o. (o to drive s.o. mad) // cavar l'anima, romper l' anima a qlcu., to pester s.o. // reggere l'anima coi denti, to hang on to (o for) dear life // all' anima!, about time too!
    2 ( affetto, sentimento) feeling, heart: volere un bene dell'anima a qlcu., to love s.o. dearly (o deeply); amare, odiare qlcu. con tutta l' anima, to love, to hate s.o. heart and soul (o with all one's heart); metterci l'anima nel fare qlco., to give sthg. everything one's got; toccar l'anima, ( commuovere) to move deeply; cantare, recitare con, senza anima, to sing, to act with, without feeling // anima mia!, my beloved!
    3 ( persona, individuo) soul: un' anima buona, a good soul; un villaggio di poche anime, a village of few souls; non c'era anima viva, there wasn't a soul to be seen // anima gemella, twin spirit
    4 (fig.) ( elemento essenziale che vivifica) soul; essence: essere l'anima della festa, to be the life and soul of the party; la pubblicità è l'anima del commercio, advertising is the essence (o the life blood) of selling
    5 ( parte interna) core (anche metall.); ( di arma da fuoco) bore; ( di rotaia) web; ( di timone) rudderpost, rudderstock: l' anima di un bottone, the core of a button // l' anima di una matita, the lead of a pencil // l' anima del legno, the heart of wood
    6 ( di strumento musicale) soundpost.
    * * *
    ['anima]
    sostantivo femminile
    1) filos. relig. soul

    un'anima candida, nobile — a pure, noble soul

    4) (di nazione, partito) soul, leading spirit; (di complotto) moving force, spirit
    5) tecn. (di cannone, fucile) bore; (di statua, cavo) core; (di strumento a corde) sound post
    •

    anima gemella — soul mate, kindred spirit

    ••

    mio zio buon'anima — (defunto) my uncle of blessed memory

    stare sull'anima a qcn. — colloq. to get up sb.'s nose, to get on sb.'s nerves

    rompere l'anima a qcn. — colloq. to bother o annoy sb.

    volere un bene dell'anima a qcn. — to love sb. dearly o deeply

    darei l'anima per, per fare — I'd sell my soul for, to do

    lanciarsi anima e corpo in qcs. — to throw oneself into sth. heart and soul

    * * *
    anima
    /'anima/
    sostantivo f.
     1 filos. relig. soul; salvezza dell'anima salvation of one's soul
     3 (persona) un'anima candida, nobile a pure, noble soul; non c'era anima viva there wasn't a living soul; non devi dirlo ad anima viva you mustn't tell a soul
     4 (di nazione, partito) soul, leading spirit; (di complotto) moving force, spirit; la pubblicità è l'anima del commercio advertising is the life and soul o the life blood of business
     5 tecn. (di cannone, fucile) bore; (di statua, cavo) core; (di strumento a corde) sound post
    mio zio buon'anima (defunto) my uncle of blessed memory; rendere l'anima a Dio to give up the ghost; vagare come un'anima in pena to mope about o around; stare sull'anima a qcn. colloq. to get up sb.'s nose, to get on sb.'s nerves; rodersi l'anima to eat one's heart out; rompere l'anima a qcn. colloq. to bother o annoy sb.; volere un bene dell'anima a qcn. to love sb. dearly o deeply; darei l'anima per, per fare I'd sell my soul for, to do; dare anima e corpo to give one's all; lanciarsi anima e corpo in qcs. to throw oneself into sth. heart and soul; metterci l'anima to give it all one's got
    \
    anima gemella soul mate, kindred spirit.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > anima

  • 11 дух

    1. фил. spirit, mind
    (нравствена сила, смелост) spirit, morale, mettle, tone
    здрав дух a sound mind, a healthy tone
    смел дух a brave/bold spirit
    силен дух a strong mind, an unbending spirit
    човек със силен дух a man of spirit, a man of a strong mind/of unbending spirit
    свободен дух a free spirit
    един от най-пламенните дух ове на своето време one of the most ardent spirits of his time
    висок дух high morale
    липсва ми дух have no spirit
    губя/запазвам присъствие на духа lose/keep o.'s head/o.'s presence of mind
    не губя присъствие на духа carry/keep a stiff upper lip
    поддържам дух a keep up the morale
    повдигам духа raise (the) morale
    загубвам дух lose morale; lose heart, be dejected, become downhearted
    2. (психическо състояние, настроение) spirit, spirits, frame of mind; mood
    работя/свиря без дух work/play without spirit
    радостен/оптимистичен дух a joyful/an optimistic mood/spirit
    с повишен дух in good/high/elevated spirits, in a good frame of mind
    повишавам духа на някого raise/revive s.o.'s spirits, cheer s.o. up, разг. ginger s.o. up
    духовете се повишиха, когато приближиха до града the spirits rose as they approached the town
    понижен дух poor/low spirits, despondency
    с понижен дух съм be despondent/depressed, be in a bad frame of mind, be in low spirits
    това понижи духа на компанията this lowered the spirits Of the company
    духовете са възбудени everyone is excited
    дух на недоволство a spirit of discontent
    авантюристичен дух an adventurous spirit
    с търговски дух commercially minded
    3. (същпост, насока) spirit
    духътна епохата the spirit of the times, the ethos, нем. Zeitgeist
    дух ът на закона the spirit of the law
    в духа на in the spirit of
    то е в духа на it fits into the pattern of
    в този дух on these lines
    в същия дух in the same vein, on the same lines
    влизам в духа на enter into the spirit of
    духът му витае сред нас his spirit is still with us
    5. (въображаемо, свръхестествено същество) spirit, ghost, phantom, phantasm
    зъл дух an evil spirit
    планински духове sprites
    дух-магьосник jinnee, разг. jinns
    викам дух raise a spirit
    предавам богу дух give up the ghost, breathe o.'s last, pass away
    свети Дух the Holy Ghost, ( празник) Whitsuntide
    * * *
    м., -ове, (два) ду̀ха 1. филос. spirit, mind; ( нравствена сила, смелост) spirit, morale, mettle, tone; висок \дух high morale; губя/запазвам присъствие на \духа loose/keep o.’s head/o.’s presence of mind; загубвам \дух lose morale; lose heart, be dejected, become downhearted; здрав \дух sound mind, healthy tone; липсва ми \дух have no spirit; не губя присъствие на \духа carry/keep a stiff upper lip; повдигам \духа raise (the) morale; поддържам \духа keep up the morale; показвам висок \дух show spirit; силен \дух strong mind, unbending spirit; смел \дух brave/bold spirit; grittiness; човек със силен \дух man of spirit, man of a strong mind/of unbending spirit; strong-willed man;
    2. ( психическо състояние, настроение) spirit, spirits, frame of mind; mood; \дух на недоволство a spirit of discontent; \духовете са възбудени everyone is excited; повишавам \духа на някого raise/revive s.o.’s spirits, cheer s.o. up, разг. ginger s.o. up; понижен \дух poor/low spirits, despondency; работя/свиря без \дух work/play without spirit; с повишен \дух in good/high/elevated spirits, in a good frame of mind; с понижен \дух съм be despondent/depressed, be in a bad frame of mind, be in low spirits; с търговски \дух commercially minded;
    3. ( същност, насока) spirit; в \духа на in the spirit of; в същия \дух in the same vein, on the same lines; в този \дух on these lines; \духът на епохата the spirit of the times, the ethos, нем. zeitgeist; то е в \духа на it fits into the pattern of; той каза още много неща в същия \дух he said a lot more in the same strain;
    4. ( памет на покойник) spirit; викане на \духове spirit-rapping; \духът му витае сред нас his spirit is still with us;
    5. ( въображаемо, свръхестествено същество) spirit, ghost, phantom, phantasm, spectre; викам \дух raise a spirit; \дух магьосник jinnee, genie; разг. jinny; зъл \дух evil spirit; планински \духове sprites; • предавам богу \дух give up the ghost, breathe o.’s last, pass away; Светият Дух рел. the Holy Ghost; ( празник) църк. Whitsuntide.
    * * *
    manitou (индиан.); mettle ; dobby ; fetch ; ghost (призрак); manes: sound дух - здрав дух; morale ; phantasm ; spirit {`spirit}: an unbending дух - силен дух
    * * *
    1. (въображаемо, свръхестествено същество) spirit, ghost, phantom, phantasm 2. (нравствена сила, смелост) spirit, morale, mettle, tone 3. (памет на покойник) spirit 4. (психическо състояние, настроение) spirit, spirits, frame of mind;mood 5. 3, (същпост, насока) spirit 6. ДУХ на недоволство a spirit of discontent 7. ДУХ ът на закона the spirit of the law 8. ДУХ-магьосник jinпее, разг. jinns 9. ДУХовете са възбудени everyone is excited 10. ДУХовете се повишиха, когато приближиха до града the spirits rose as they approached the town 11. ДУХът му витае сред нас his spirit is still with us 12. ДУХътна епохата the spirit of the times, the ethos, нем. Zeitgeist 13. авантюристичен ДУХ an adventurous spirit 14. в ДУХа на in the spirit of 15. в същия ДУХ in the same vein, on the same lines 16. в този ДУХ on these lines 17. викам ДУХ raise a spirit 18. висок ДУХ high morale 19. влизам в ДУХа на enter into the spirit of 20. губя/запазвам присъствие на ДУХа lose/keep o.'s head/o.'s presence of mind 21. един от най-пламенните ДУХ ове на своето време one of the most ardent spirits of his time 22. загубвам ДУХ lose morale;lose heart, be dejected, become downhearted 23. здрав ДУХ a sound mind, a healthy tone 24. зъл ДУХ an evil spirit 25. липсва ми ДУХ have no spirit 26. не губя присъствие на ДУХа carry/keep a stiff upper lip 27. планински ДУХове sprites 28. повдигам ДУХа raise (the) morale 29. повишавам ДУХа на някого raise/revive s.o.'s spirits, cheer s.o. up, разг. ginger s.o. up 30. поддържам ДУХ a keep up the morale 31. показвам висок ДУХ show spirit 32. понижен ДУХ poor/low spirits, despondency 33. предавам богу ДУХ give up the ghost, breathe o.'s last, pass away 34. работя/свиря без ДУХ work/play without spirit 35. радостен/оптимистичен ДУХ a joyful/an optimistic mood/spirit 36. с повишен ДУХ in good/high/elevated spirits, in a good frame of mind 37. с понижен ДУХ съм be despondent/depressed, be in a bad frame of mind, be in low spirits 38. с търговски ДУХ commercially minded 39. свети Дух the Holy Ghost, (празник) Whitsuntide 40. свободен ДУХ a free spirit 41. силен ДУХ a strong mind, an unbending spirit 42. смел ДУХ a brave/bold spirit 43. то е в ДУХа на it fits into the pattern of 44. това понижи ДУХа на компанията this lowered the spirits Of the company 45. фил. spirit, mind 46. човек със силен ДУХ а man of spirit, a man of a strong mind/of unbending spirit

    Български-английски речник > дух

  • 12 ánimo

    intj.
    cheer up, chin up, be of good cheer, go on.
    m.
    1 temper, frame of mind, spirits, disposition.
    2 spirit, encouragement, courage, heart.
    * * *
    1 (espiritu) spirit; (mente) mind; (alma) soul
    2 (intención) intention, purpose
    3 (valor) courage
    4 (aliento) encouragement
    1 cheer up!
    \
    con ánimo de with the intention of
    dar ánimos a alguien to encourage somebody
    hacerse el ánimo de to get used to the idea of, come to terms with
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=moral) spirits pl

    • apaciguar o aplacar los ánimos — to calm things down

    • estar bajo de ánimo — to be in low spirits

    • caer(se) de ánimo — to lose heart, get disheartened

    • calmar los ánimos — to calm things down

    • dar ánimos a algn — to cheer sb up

    • enardecer o encrespar los ánimos — to rouse passions, inflame passions

    • no consigo hacerme el ánimo de levantarme temprano — I can't bring myself to get up early

    • levantar el ánimo — to raise one's spirits

    • recobrar el ánimo — to pick o.s. up

    • estar sin ánimo — to be in low spirits

    • no tengo el ánimo para bromas — I'm not in the mood for jokes

    disposición, estado
    2) (=aliento) encouragement

    ¡ánimo! — [para alegrar] come on!, cheer up!; [ante un reto] come on!, go for it!

    • dar o infundir ánimo(s) a algn — to give encouragement to sb, encourage sb

    3) (=fuerza, coraje) courage
    4) (=intención) intention

    lo dijo sin ánimo de ofenderte — he meant no offence, he didn't mean to offend you

    • una empresa sin ánimo de lucro — a non-profit-making company

    presencia
    5) (=pensamiento) mind
    6) (=alma) soul, spirit
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( espíritu)

    con el ánimo por el suelo — in very low spirits, feeling very down-hearted

    apaciguar or calmar los ánimos — to calm everyone down

    hacerse el ánimo de hacer algo — to bring oneself to do something

    no me hago el ánimo de estudiar — I can't bring myself to study

    tengo que ir, pero no me hago el ánimo — I have to go, but I don't feel up to it

    b) (aliento, coraje) encouragement

    darle ánimo(s) a alguien — ( animar) to encourage somebody; (con aplausos, gritos) to cheer somebody on

    ánimo, que ya falta poco para llegar! — come on! it's not far now!

    no tengo ánimo(s) de or para nada — I don't feel up to anything

    ¿te sientes con ánimo(s) para seguir? — do you feel up to going on?

    2)
    a) (intención, propósito) intention

    con ánimo de calmar las tensiones — with the aim o intention of easing tensions

    lo dije sin ánimo de ofender — I meant no offense, no offense intended (colloq)

    b) (mente, pensamiento) mind
    * * *
    = spirit, cheer.
    Ex. So, in the bicentennial spirit here's a three-point bill of particulars or grievances (in addition to what was mentioned previously with respect to offensive or unauthentic terms).
    Ex. The world is a little worse off than it was before as his talents, good cheer, metered insanity will be missed.
    ----
    * ¡ánimo! = chins up!, chins up!.
    * ¡ánimo! = go for it!.
    * ánimo de lucro = profit motive.
    * asamblea para darse ánimo = pep rally.
    * con el ánimo de = in the spirit of.
    * con mucho ánimo = spiritedly.
    * cuando uno se encuentra mejor de ánimo = on the upswing.
    * dar ánimos = give + a word of encouragement, hearten.
    * estado de ánimo = mood, state of mind, frame of mind, humour [humor, -USA].
    * levantar el ánimo = pep up.
    * levantar los ánimos = lift + Posesivo + spirits up.
    * no perder el ánimo = keep + Posesivo + chin up.
    * palabras de ánimo = pep talk.
    * perder el ánimo = lose + heart.
    * presencia de ánimo = presence of mind.
    * que exalta los ánimos = inflammatory.
    * que levanta el ánimo = uplifting.
    * sin ánimo = despondently.
    * sin ánimo de lucro = non-profit [nonprofit], non-profit making, not-for-profit, generously.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( espíritu)

    con el ánimo por el suelo — in very low spirits, feeling very down-hearted

    apaciguar or calmar los ánimos — to calm everyone down

    hacerse el ánimo de hacer algo — to bring oneself to do something

    no me hago el ánimo de estudiar — I can't bring myself to study

    tengo que ir, pero no me hago el ánimo — I have to go, but I don't feel up to it

    b) (aliento, coraje) encouragement

    darle ánimo(s) a alguien — ( animar) to encourage somebody; (con aplausos, gritos) to cheer somebody on

    ánimo, que ya falta poco para llegar! — come on! it's not far now!

    no tengo ánimo(s) de or para nada — I don't feel up to anything

    ¿te sientes con ánimo(s) para seguir? — do you feel up to going on?

    2)
    a) (intención, propósito) intention

    con ánimo de calmar las tensiones — with the aim o intention of easing tensions

    lo dije sin ánimo de ofender — I meant no offense, no offense intended (colloq)

    b) (mente, pensamiento) mind
    * * *
    = spirit, cheer.

    Ex: So, in the bicentennial spirit here's a three-point bill of particulars or grievances (in addition to what was mentioned previously with respect to offensive or unauthentic terms).

    Ex: The world is a little worse off than it was before as his talents, good cheer, metered insanity will be missed.
    * ¡ánimo! = chins up!, chins up!.
    * ¡ánimo! = go for it!.
    * ánimo de lucro = profit motive.
    * asamblea para darse ánimo = pep rally.
    * con el ánimo de = in the spirit of.
    * con mucho ánimo = spiritedly.
    * cuando uno se encuentra mejor de ánimo = on the upswing.
    * dar ánimos = give + a word of encouragement, hearten.
    * estado de ánimo = mood, state of mind, frame of mind, humour [humor, -USA].
    * levantar el ánimo = pep up.
    * levantar los ánimos = lift + Posesivo + spirits up.
    * no perder el ánimo = keep + Posesivo + chin up.
    * palabras de ánimo = pep talk.
    * perder el ánimo = lose + heart.
    * presencia de ánimo = presence of mind.
    * que exalta los ánimos = inflammatory.
    * que levanta el ánimo = uplifting.
    * sin ánimo = despondently.
    * sin ánimo de lucro = non-profit [nonprofit], non-profit making, not-for-profit, generously.

    * * *
    A
    1
    (espíritu): no estoy con el ánimo para bromas I'm not in the mood for jokes
    tu visita le levantó mucho el ánimo your visit really cheered her up o boosted her spirits
    la noticia la dejó con el ánimo por el suelo the news left her in very low spirits o feeling very down-hearted, the news left her feeling very down (in the dumps) ( colloq)
    su presencia contribuyó a apaciguar or calmar los ánimos his presence helped to calm everyone down
    tengo que ir, pero no me siento con ánimo I have to go, but I don't feel up to it
    hacerse el ánimo de hacer algo to bring oneself to do sth
    no me hago el ánimo de estudiar I can't bring myself to study
    2 (aliento, coraje) encouragement
    darle ánimo(s) a algn to encourage sb; (con aplausos, gritos) to cheer sb on
    ¡ánimo, que ya falta poco para llegar! come on! it's not far now!
    sus palabras me dieron or me infundieron ánimo(s) her words gave me encouragement o encouraged me o heartened me
    el equipo había cobrado ánimo the team had rallied
    no tiene ánimo(s) de or para nada she doesn't feel up to anything
    ánimo(s) DE or PARA + INF:
    ¿te sientes con ánimo(s) para seguir? do you feel up to going on?
    no entiendo cómo aún le quedan ánimos de volver a intentarlo I don't know how he can still find it in him to try again
    B
    1 (intención, propósito) intention
    es una asociación sin ánimo de lucro it's a non-profit association ( AmE), it's a non-profit-making association ( BrE)
    ánimo DE + INF:
    con ánimo de calmar las tensiones with the aim o intention of easing tensions
    lo dije sin ánimo de ofender I meant no offense, I didn't mean to offend you, no offense intended ( colloq)
    2 (mente, pensamiento) mind
    en el ánimo del jurado in the minds of the jury
    su recuerdo está presente en el ánimo de todos his memory lives on in everyone's hearts
    * * *

     

    Del verbo animar: ( conjugate animar)

    animo es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    animó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    animar    
    ánimo
    animar ( conjugate animar) verbo transitivo
    1

    ( levantar el espíritu) to cheer … up;

    ánimo a algn a hacer algo or a que haga algo to encourage sb to do sth
    b) ‹fiesta/reunión› to liven up;


    c) (con luces, colores) to brighten up

    2 ‹ programa› to present, host
    3 ( impulsar) to inspire
    animarse verbo pronominal
    a) (alegrarse, cobrar vida) [fiesta/reunión] to liven up, warm up;

    [ persona] to liven up

    ◊ si me animo a salir te llamo if I feel like going out, I'll call you

    c) ( atreverse):

    ◊ ¿quién se anima a decírselo? who's going to be brave enough to tell him?;

    no me animo a saltar I can't bring myself to jump;
    al final me animé a confesárselo I finally plucked up the courage to tell her
    ánimo sustantivo masculino
    1
    a) ( espíritu):


    tu visita le levantó el ánimo your visit cheered her up;
    con el ánimo por el suelo in very low spirits, feeling very down-hearted;
    apaciguar los ánimos to calm everyone down;
    hacerse el ánimo de hacer algo to bring oneself to do sth
    b) (aliento, coraje) encouragement;



    (con aplausos, gritos) to cheer sb on;
    ◊ ¡ánimo, que ya falta poco para llegar! come on! it's not far now!;

    no tengo ánimo(s) de or para nada I don't feel up to anything
    2
    a) (intención, propósito) intention;


    b) (mente, pensamiento) mind

    animar verbo transitivo
    1 (alegrar a alguien) to cheer up
    (una fiesta, una reunión) to liven up, brighten up
    2 (estimular a una persona) to encourage
    ánimo
    I sustantivo masculino
    1 (talante) spirit: no estoy de ánimo para ir allí, I'm not in the mood to go there
    tenemos un estado de ánimo ideal para trabajar, we are in the best frame of mind for working
    es propensa a frecuentes cambios de ánimo, she is prone to frequent mood changes
    2 (estímulo, fuerza) courage: su madre le dio ánimos, his mother encouraged him
    3 (intención) intention: lo dijo con ánimo de ofender, she said it with the intention of being offensive
    II exclamación ¡ánimo!, cheer up!
    ' ánimo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    aliento
    - animada
    - animado
    - apagada
    - apagado
    - bajón
    - consabida
    - consabido
    - desfallecer
    - desinflarse
    - disposición
    - espíritu
    - estado
    - estímulo
    - ir
    - humor
    - impulsar
    - levantar
    - lucro
    - moral
    - muchachada
    - presencia
    - suelo
    - talante
    - animar
    - brío
    - decaer
    - grandeza
    - impacto
    - infundir
    - mentiroso
    English:
    agitation
    - bear up
    - chin
    - frame of mind
    - life-giving
    - lift
    - mind
    - morale
    - muster
    - nonprofit
    - organization
    - pep talk
    - pluck
    - spirit
    - spur
    - state
    - waver
    - buck
    - encourage
    - encouragement
    - frame
    - pep
    - presence
    - rise
    - up
    * * *
    ♦ nm
    1. [valor] courage;
    me da muchos ánimos saber que contamos contigo it's comforting to know that we have you with us;
    cobrar ánimo to take heart
    2. [aliento] encouragement;
    dar ánimos a alguien to encourage sb;
    tienes que darle ánimos para que deje la bebida you have to encourage him to stop drinking;
    iremos al estadio para dar ánimos a nuestros jugadores we'll go to the stadium to support o cheer on our team
    3. [energía] energy, vitality;
    [humor] disposition;
    ¡levanta ese ánimo! cheer up!;
    los ánimos estaban revueltos feelings were running high;
    estoy con el ánimo decaído I'm feeling downhearted o gloomy;
    apaciguar o [m5] calmar los ánimos to calm things o people down;
    cuando me enteré de su despido, se me cayeron los ánimos al suelo when I heard of her dismissal, my heart sank;
    tener ánimos para to be in the mood for, to feel like;
    no tiene ánimos para nada she doesn't feel like doing anything;
    trabajar con ánimo to work energetically
    4. [intención]
    con/sin ánimo de with/without the intention of;
    lo dijo con ánimo de herir his remark was intended to be hurtful;
    han realizado un estudio con ánimo de conocer mejor el problema they've carried out a study with a view to achieving a better understanding of the problem;
    sin ánimo de ofenderte, creo que… no offence (intended), but I think…;
    lo hice sin ánimo de ofenderte I didn't mean to offend you;
    una organización sin ánimo de lucro a Br non-profit-making o US not-for-profit organization
    5. [alma] mind
    ♦ interj
    [¡adelante!] come on!; [¡anímate!] cheer up!;
    ¡ánimo, Zaragoza! Br come on you Zaragoza!, US go Zaragoza!;
    ¡ánimo, que no ha sido nada! come (on) now, it was nothing
    * * *
    m
    1 spirit;
    para feel up to
    2 ( coraje) encouragement;
    dar o
    infundir ánimo a alguien give s.o. encouragement;
    ¡ánimo! cheer up!
    3 ( mente)
    :
    presencia de ánimo presence of mind;
    estado de ánimo state of mind
    :
    con ánimo de with the intention of
    * * *
    ánimo nm
    1) alma: spirit, soul
    2) : mood, spirits pl
    3) : encouragement
    4) propósito: intention, purpose
    sociedad sin ánimo de lucro: nonprofit organization
    5) : energy, vitality
    * * *
    ¡ánimo! cheer up!

    Spanish-English dictionary > ánimo

  • 13 espíritu

    m.
    1 spirit, soul.
    2 mettle, courage, morale, spirit.
    3 ghost, spirit.
    4 Spirit, Ghost.
    * * *
    1 (gen) spirit
    2 (alma) soul, spirit
    3 (fantasma) ghost, spirit
    4 (licores) spirits plural
    5 figurado (idea central) spirit, essence, soul
    \
    exhalar el espíritu to give up the ghost
    ser pobre de espíritu to be poor in spirit
    el espíritu de la ley the spirit of the law
    el Espíritu Santo the Holy Ghost
    espíritu de cuerpo esprit de corps
    espíritu de vino purified alcohol
    espíritu deportivo sportsmanship
    grandeza de espíritu noble-heartedness
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=lo inmaterial) spirit
    2) [de persona] (=mente) mind
    3) (Rel) spirit

    Espíritu Santo — Holy Ghost, Holy Spirit

    4) (=aparecido) spirit, ghost
    5) (=alcohol) spirits pl, liquor
    * * *
    1) (alma, ser inmaterial) spirit

    entregar el espíritu — (euf) to pass away (euph)

    2)
    a) (disposición, actitud) spirit
    b) (naturaleza, carácter) nature
    3) (valor, ánimo) spirit
    4) ( esencia) spirit
    •
    * * *
    = soul, spirit, ghost, phantom, phantasm.
    Ex. I would venture to guess that he would have characterized these suggestions as the eructation of unhealthy souls'.
    Ex. So, in the bicentennial spirit here's a three-point bill of particulars or grievances (in addition to what was mentioned previously with respect to offensive or unauthentic terms).
    Ex. Some authors, of course, object to their work being subjected to compulsory dissection for exams in the traditional deadly manner and like Bernard Shaw, they swear to haunt anyone who so mistreats them (Shaw's ghost must be busy these days).
    Ex. The phantoms of the book's name are those sensed by amputees who have vividfeeling, even pain, in limbs they know are gone.
    Ex. Fourniret is a dangerous man obnubilated by the phantasm of virginity.
    ----
    * alimentar el espíritu = refresh + the spirit.
    * capturar el espíritu = capture + the spirit.
    * casa frecuentada por los espíritus = haunted house.
    * con un espíritu de = in a spirit of.
    * de espíritu cívico = public-spirited.
    * de espíritu comunitario = public-spirited.
    * de espíritu libre = free-spirited.
    * el espíritu de la época = the spirit of the times.
    * espíritu combativo = fighting spirit.
    * espíritu corporativo = esprit-de-corps.
    * espíritu critico = critical spirit.
    * espíritu de aventura = spirit of adventure.
    * espíritu de equipo = team spirit.
    * espíritu de la contradicción = contrary nature.
    * espíritu de la ley, el = spirit of the law, the.
    * espíritu deportivo = sportsmanship.
    * espíritu empresarial = entrepreneurship, business acumen.
    * espíritu fronterizo, el = frontier spirit, the.
    * espíritu humano, el = human soul, the, human spirit, the.
    * espíritu libre = free spirit.
    * espíritu molesto = poltergeist.
    * estar poseído por los espíritus = haunt.
    * fomento de espíritu de equipo = team building.
    * frecuentado por los espíritus = haunted.
    * la juventud no es cuestión de edad sino de espíritu = you are as old as you feel.
    * paz de espíritu = peace of mind.
    * plasmar el espíritu = capture + the spirit.
    * poseído por los espíritus = haunted.
    * quebrantar el espíritu de Alguien = break + Posesivo + spirit.
    * que levanta el espíritu = uplifting.
    * * *
    1) (alma, ser inmaterial) spirit

    entregar el espíritu — (euf) to pass away (euph)

    2)
    a) (disposición, actitud) spirit
    b) (naturaleza, carácter) nature
    3) (valor, ánimo) spirit
    4) ( esencia) spirit
    •
    * * *
    = soul, spirit, ghost, phantom, phantasm.

    Ex: I would venture to guess that he would have characterized these suggestions as the eructation of unhealthy souls'.

    Ex: So, in the bicentennial spirit here's a three-point bill of particulars or grievances (in addition to what was mentioned previously with respect to offensive or unauthentic terms).
    Ex: Some authors, of course, object to their work being subjected to compulsory dissection for exams in the traditional deadly manner and like Bernard Shaw, they swear to haunt anyone who so mistreats them (Shaw's ghost must be busy these days).
    Ex: The phantoms of the book's name are those sensed by amputees who have vividfeeling, even pain, in limbs they know are gone.
    Ex: Fourniret is a dangerous man obnubilated by the phantasm of virginity.
    * alimentar el espíritu = refresh + the spirit.
    * capturar el espíritu = capture + the spirit.
    * casa frecuentada por los espíritus = haunted house.
    * con un espíritu de = in a spirit of.
    * de espíritu cívico = public-spirited.
    * de espíritu comunitario = public-spirited.
    * de espíritu libre = free-spirited.
    * el espíritu de la época = the spirit of the times.
    * espíritu combativo = fighting spirit.
    * espíritu corporativo = esprit-de-corps.
    * espíritu critico = critical spirit.
    * espíritu de aventura = spirit of adventure.
    * espíritu de equipo = team spirit.
    * espíritu de la contradicción = contrary nature.
    * espíritu de la ley, el = spirit of the law, the.
    * espíritu deportivo = sportsmanship.
    * espíritu empresarial = entrepreneurship, business acumen.
    * espíritu fronterizo, el = frontier spirit, the.
    * espíritu humano, el = human soul, the, human spirit, the.
    * espíritu libre = free spirit.
    * espíritu molesto = poltergeist.
    * estar poseído por los espíritus = haunt.
    * fomento de espíritu de equipo = team building.
    * frecuentado por los espíritus = haunted.
    * la juventud no es cuestión de edad sino de espíritu = you are as old as you feel.
    * paz de espíritu = peace of mind.
    * plasmar el espíritu = capture + the spirit.
    * poseído por los espíritus = haunted.
    * quebrantar el espíritu de Alguien = break + Posesivo + spirit.
    * que levanta el espíritu = uplifting.

    * * *
    A
    1 (alma) spirit
    estaré contigo en espíritu I'll be with you in spirit
    entregar el espíritu ( euf); to pass away ( euph)
    un espíritu maligno an evil spirit
    en la casa habitaban espíritus the house was haunted
    el espíritu del rey asesinado the ghost of the murdered king
    invocar a los espíritus to invoke o raise the spirits
    Compuesto:
    Holy Ghost o Spirit
    B
    1 (disposición, actitud) spirit
    lo hizo sin ningún espíritu de revancha he didn't do it out of any desire for revenge
    con gran espíritu de sacrificio in a spirit of great self-sacrifice
    levantarle el espíritu a algn to lift sb's spirits
    2 (naturaleza, carácter) nature
    tiene un espíritu rebelde she has a rebellious nature
    Compuestos:
    esprit de corps
    team spirit
    fighting spirit
    C (valor, ánimo) spirit
    D (esencia) spirit
    el espíritu de la ley the spirit of the law
    eres el espíritu de la contradicción you just have to be different!
    Compuesto:
    spirits of wine (pl), alcohol
    * * *

     

    espíritu sustantivo masculino


    Eespíritu Santo Holy Ghost o Spirit;
    con espíritu de sacrificio in a spirit of self-sacrifice;
    el espíritu de la ley the spirit of the law
    b) (naturaleza, carácter) nature;


    espíritu sustantivo masculino
    1 spirit: es un espíritu inquieto, he has a restless nature
    espíritu maligno, evil spirit
    (ánimo) hazlo con otro espíritu, do it in another frame of mind
    ♦ Locuciones: levantar el espíritu a alguien, to cheer sb up
    2 Rel (alma) soul
    el Espíritu Santo, the Holy Ghost
    el espíritu de su padre le habló, his father's ghost spoke to him
    ♦ Locuciones: exhalar el espíritu, to give up the ghost
    ' espíritu' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    empresarial
    - encima
    - espectro
    - alma
    - animar
    - ánimo
    - combativo
    - competición
    - comunitario
    - duende
    - elevar
    - enriquecer
    - espanto
    - formar
    - guerrero
    English:
    enterprise
    - evil
    - fight
    - ghost
    - lighten
    - mean
    - mind
    - morale
    - poltergeist
    - spirit
    - unhelpfulness
    - competitiveness
    - holy
    - sport
    - sportsmanship
    - team
    - up
    - white
    * * *
    1. [mente, alma] spirit;
    Rel soul espíritu maligno evil spirit;
    Espíritu Santo Holy Spirit o Ghost
    2. [fantasma] ghost;
    se nos apareció el espíritu del conde the ghost of the Count appeared to us;
    3. [actitud] spirit;
    fue un hombre de espíritu aventurero he was a man with an adventurous spirit;
    ser el espíritu de la contradicción, tener espíritu de contradicción to be contrary
    espíritu deportivo sporting spirit;
    espíritu de equipo team spirit;
    espíritu de lucha fighting spirit;
    espíritu de sacrificio spirit of sacrifice;
    espíritu de venganza desire for vengeance;
    4. [carácter] spirit;
    siempre tuvo un espíritu juvenil she was always young at heart, she always had a youthful spirit;
    el espíritu de la época the spirit of the age;
    el espíritu de la ley the spirit of the law
    5. [ánimo]
    ¡cómo quieres aprobar con ese espíritu! how do you expect to pass if you feel like that!;
    levantar el espíritu to cheer up;
    levantar el espíritu a alguien to lift o raise sb's spirits
    6. Quím spirit;
    espíritu de sal/de vino spirits of salt/of wine
    * * *
    m
    1 spirit;
    ser el espíritu de la contradicción be very contrary, be a contrary old buzzard fam
    2 REL
    :
    el Espíritu Santo the Holy Ghost, the Holy Spirit
    * * *
    1) : spirit
    2) ánimo: state of mind, spirits pl
    3)
    el Espíritu Santo : the Holy Ghost
    * * *
    espíritu n spirit

    Spanish-English dictionary > espíritu

  • 14 alcohol

    m.
    1 alcohol.
    alcohol desinfectante surgical spirit
    alcohol de quemar methylated spirits
    2 rubbing alcohol.
    * * *
    1 (sustancia) alcohol
    2 (bebida) alcohol, spirits plural
    \
    alcohol desnaturalizado/metílico/de quemar methylated spirits, methylated spirit
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *

    alcohol absoluto — absolute alcohol, pure alcohol

    alcohol de quemar, alcohol desnaturalizado, alcohol metílico — methylated spirit

    * * *
    1) (Quím) alcohol; (Farm) tb

    alcohol de 90 (grados) — rubbing alcohol (AmE), surgical spirit (BrE)

    2) ( bebida) alcohol, drink
    * * *
    = alcohol, spirit, booze, liquor, alchy [alchie].
    Ex. Although users are better informed than non-users, they are fairly alike in their attitudes toward such issues as capital punishment and the effect of alcohol on driving.
    Ex. A common defence of drivers against disqualification from driving for having a high blood alcohol level is to claim that they had unwittingly consumed a drink laced with added spirits.
    Ex. I have to hand it to you, maybe you've got some booze in you or maybe you just like to hang loose, but you put on quite a show.
    Ex. During the 14th century distilled liquors were commonly used as remedies for the Black Death.
    Ex. Then I followed these two jokers to a liquor store where they got them some alchy.
    ----
    * abuso del alcohol = alcohol abuse.
    * alcohol de madera = wood alcohol.
    * alcohol metílico = wood alcohol, methyl alcohol.
    * alcohol polivinílico = polyvinyl alcohol.
    * bebida baja en alcohol = low-alcohol drink.
    * campaña contra la conducción bajo la influencia del alcohol = drink-drive campaign, anti-drink-drive campaign.
    * conducción bajo la influencia del alcohol = drink driving, drunk driving.
    * conducir bajo la influencia del alcohol = drive while under + the influence of alcohol.
    * consumo de alcohol = alcohol consumption.
    * de alcohol = spirit-based.
    * hábito de consumo de alcohol = drinking practice, drinking habit.
    * índice de alcohol en sangre = blood alcohol level.
    * industria del alcohol, la = alcohol industry, the.
    * problema con el alcohol = drinking problem.
    * problemas con el alcohol = problem drinking.
    * relacionado con el alcohol = alcohol-related.
    * sin alcohol = alcoholfree.
    * tasa de alcohol en sangre = blood alcohol level.
    * * *
    1) (Quím) alcohol; (Farm) tb

    alcohol de 90 (grados) — rubbing alcohol (AmE), surgical spirit (BrE)

    2) ( bebida) alcohol, drink
    * * *
    = alcohol, spirit, booze, liquor, alchy [alchie].

    Ex: Although users are better informed than non-users, they are fairly alike in their attitudes toward such issues as capital punishment and the effect of alcohol on driving.

    Ex: A common defence of drivers against disqualification from driving for having a high blood alcohol level is to claim that they had unwittingly consumed a drink laced with added spirits.
    Ex: I have to hand it to you, maybe you've got some booze in you or maybe you just like to hang loose, but you put on quite a show.
    Ex: During the 14th century distilled liquors were commonly used as remedies for the Black Death.
    Ex: Then I followed these two jokers to a liquor store where they got them some alchy.
    * abuso del alcohol = alcohol abuse.
    * alcohol de madera = wood alcohol.
    * alcohol metílico = wood alcohol, methyl alcohol.
    * alcohol polivinílico = polyvinyl alcohol.
    * bebida baja en alcohol = low-alcohol drink.
    * campaña contra la conducción bajo la influencia del alcohol = drink-drive campaign, anti-drink-drive campaign.
    * conducción bajo la influencia del alcohol = drink driving, drunk driving.
    * conducir bajo la influencia del alcohol = drive while under + the influence of alcohol.
    * consumo de alcohol = alcohol consumption.
    * de alcohol = spirit-based.
    * hábito de consumo de alcohol = drinking practice, drinking habit.
    * índice de alcohol en sangre = blood alcohol level.
    * industria del alcohol, la = alcohol industry, the.
    * problema con el alcohol = drinking problem.
    * problemas con el alcohol = problem drinking.
    * relacionado con el alcohol = alcohol-related.
    * sin alcohol = alcoholfree.
    * tasa de alcohol en sangre = blood alcohol level.

    * * *
    A
    1 ( Quím) alcohol
    2 ( Farm) tb
    alcohol de 90 (grados) rubbing alcohol ( AmE), surgical spirit ( BrE)
    Compuestos:
    absolute alcohol
    methanol, methyl alcohol, methylated spirits ( BrE)
    ethyl alcohol
    methyl alcohol
    pure alcohol
    vinic alcohol
    B (bebida) alcohol, drink
    intenté dejar el alcohol I tried to give up drinking o alcohol o drink
    ahogar las penas en alcohol to drown one's sorrows in drink
    * * *

    alcohol sustantivo masculino
    1 (Quím) alcohol;
    (Farm) tb

    2 ( bebida) alcohol, drink
    alcohol sustantivo masculino alcohol
    ' alcohol' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    abotargada
    - abotargado
    - abusar
    - alcoholemia
    - cerveza
    - ciega
    - ciego
    - desintoxicarse
    - desnaturalizada
    - desnaturalizado
    - domar
    - etílica
    - etílico
    - fricción
    - inflar
    - ingerir
    - metílica
    - metílico
    - perjudicar
    - petaca
    - probar
    - prohibir
    - resaca
    - seca
    - seco
    - sin
    - sobria
    - sobrio
    - soplar
    - tener
    - abstenerse
    - alegrar
    - alegre
    - chicha
    - destilar
    - efecto
    - embriagarse
    - entonado
    - graduación
    - influencia
    - intoxicación
    - licor
    - mamar
    - marear
    - suprimir
    - tomar
    English:
    alcohol
    - bring out
    - clampdown
    - downfall
    - drink
    - drown
    - drunk driving
    - DUI
    - limit
    - liquor
    - low-alcohol
    - neat
    - non-alcoholic
    - proof
    - slug
    - sorrow
    - spirit
    - stoned
    - strength
    - surgical spirit
    - tot
    - touch
    - vice
    - Breathalyzer
    - drinking
    - give
    - low
    - methylated spirit(s)
    - mixer
    - sobriety
    - surgical
    - temperance
    * * *
    1. Quím alcohol
    alcohol de 96° surgical spirit;
    alcohol etílico ethanol, ethyl alcohol;
    alcohol de grano grain alcohol;
    alcohol de quemar methylated spirits, meths
    2. [bebida] alcohol, drink;
    tiene problemas con el alcohol he has a drink problem;
    si bebes alcohol, no conduzcas if you drink alcohol o have something to drink, don't drive
    * * *
    m
    1 alcohol;
    prueba/test de alcohol breath test;
    los efectos del alcohol under the influence of alcohol
    2 MED rubbing alcohol, Br
    surgical spirit
    * * *
    : alcohol
    * * *
    alcohol n alcohol

    Spanish-English dictionary > alcohol

  • 15 plasmar

    v.
    1 to give expression to (reflejar) (sentimientos).
    2 to shape, to mold.
    3 to materialize, to shape, to crystallize, to give shape to.
    * * *
    1 figurado to give expression to, give shape to, capture
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=dar forma a) to embody
    2) (=reflejar) to capture, reflect

    la novela plasma perfectamente la angustia del autor — the novel captures o reflects the author's anguish perfectly

    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo (frml) to give expression to
    2.
    plasmarse v pron (frml) to be expressed

    esta angustia se plasmó en toda su obra — this suffering is expressed o manifests itself throughout his work

    * * *
    = result (in), portray.
    Ex. Objective 1 results in what is known as a direct catalogue, because it gives direct access to a specific document.
    Ex. Hardy had a tragic vision of life and that indeed is what the novels portray.
    ----
    * plasmar el espíritu = capture + the spirit.
    * plasmar una idea en la realidad = translate + idea into + reality.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo (frml) to give expression to
    2.
    plasmarse v pron (frml) to be expressed

    esta angustia se plasmó en toda su obra — this suffering is expressed o manifests itself throughout his work

    * * *
    = result (in), portray.

    Ex: Objective 1 results in what is known as a direct catalogue, because it gives direct access to a specific document.

    Ex: Hardy had a tragic vision of life and that indeed is what the novels portray.
    * plasmar el espíritu = capture + the spirit.
    * plasmar una idea en la realidad = translate + idea into + reality.

    * * *
    plasmar [A1 ]
    vt
    ( frml); to give expression to
    quiso plasmar en el lienzo aquel dolor he tried to give expression to o he tried to capture o reflect that pain on canvas
    dejó plasmadas sus ideas en la declaración de independencia his ideas became reality in the declaration of independence
    ( frml); to be expressed
    esta angustia se plasmó en toda su obra this suffering is expressed o manifests itself throughout his work
    estas modificaciones se plasmaron en el acuerdo de Chicago these changes were expressed o became reality in the Chicago agreement
    * * *

    plasmar verbo transitivo to capture, give expression to
    ' plasmar' also found in these entries:
    English:
    embody
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    [reflejar] [sentimientos] to give expression to; [realidad] to reflect; [sueño] to fulfil;
    plasma su radicalismo en la novela she expresses her radical views in the novel
    * * *
    v/t
    1 ( modelar) shape
    2 fig ( representar) express
    * * *
    : to express, to give form to

    Spanish-English dictionary > plasmar

  • 16 πνεῦμα

    πνεῦμα, ατος, τό (πνέω; Aeschyl., Pre-Socr., Hdt.+. On the history of the word s. Rtzst., Mysterienrel.3 308ff).
    ① air in movement, blowing, breathing (even the glowing exhalations of a volcanic crater: Diod S 5, 7, 3)
    ⓐ wind (Aeschyl. et al.; LXX, EpArist, Philo; Jos., Ant. 2, 343; 349; SibOr 8, 297) in wordplay τὸ πνεῦμα πνεῖ the wind blows J 3:8a (EpJer 60 πνεῦμα ἐν πάσῃ χώρᾳ πνεῖ. But s. TDonn, ET 66, ’54f, 32; JThomas, Restoration Qtrly 24, ’81, 219–24). ὀθόνη πλοίου ὑπὸ πνεύματος πληρουμένη MPol 15:2. Of God ὁ ποιῶν τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ πνεύματα who makes his angels winds Hb 1:7; 1 Cl 36:3 (both Ps 103:4).
    ⓑ the breathing out of air, blowing, breath (Aeschyl. et al.; Pla., Tim. 79b; LXX) ὁ ἄνομος, ὅν ὁ κύριος Ἰησοῦς ἀνελεῖ τῷ πνεύματι τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ 2 Th 2:8 (cp. Is 11:4; Ps 32:6).
    ② that which animates or gives life to the body, breath, (life-)spirit (Aeschyl. et al.; Phoenix of Colophon 1, 16 [Coll. Alex. p. 231] πν.=a breathing entity [in contrast to becoming earth in death]; Polyb. 31, 10, 4; Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 4 p. 394b, 8ff; PHib 5, 54 [III B.C.]; PGM 4, 538; 658; 2499; LXX; TestAbr A 17 p. 98, 19 [Stone p. 44] al.; JosAs 19:3; SibOr 4, 46; Tat. 4:2) ἀφιέναι τὸ πνεῦμα give up one’s spirit, breathe one’s last (Eur., Hec. 571; Porphyr., Vi. Plotini 2) Mt 27:50. J says for this παραδιδόναι τὸ πν. 19:3 (cp. ApcMos 31 ἀποδῶ τὸ πν.; Just., D. 105, 5). Of the return of the (life-)spirit of a deceased person into her dead body ἐπέστρεψεν τὸ πν. αὐτῆς Lk 8:55 (cp. Jdg 15:19). εἰς χεῖράς σου παρατίθεμαι τὸ πν. μου into your hands I entrust my spirit 23:46 (Ps 30:6; for alleged focus on ἐλπίζειν s. EBons, BZ 38, ’94, 93–101). κύριε Ἰησοῦ, δέξαι τὸ πνεῦμά μου Ac 7:59; composite of both passages AcPl Ha 10, 23 (cp. ApcMos 42). τὸ πν. μου ὁ δεσπότης δέξεται GJs 23:3 (on the pneuma flying upward after death cp. Epicharm. in Vorsokrat. 23 [=13, 4th ed.], B 9 and 22; Eur., Suppl. 533 πνεῦμα μὲν πρὸς αἰθέρα, τὸ σῶμα δʼ ἐς γῆν; PGM 1, 177ff τελευτήσαντός σου τὸ σῶμα περιστελεῖ, σοῦ δὲ τὸ πνεῦμα … εἰς ἀέρα ἄξει σὺν αὑτῷ ‘when you are dead [the angel] will wrap your body … and take your spirit with him into the sky’). τὸ σῶμα χωρὶς πν. νεκρόν ἐστιν Js 2:26. πν. ζωῆς ἐκ τ. θεοῦ εἰσῆλθεν ἐν αὐτοῖς (i.e. the prophet-witnesses who have been martyred) Rv 11:11 (cp. Ezk 37:10 v.l. εἰσῆλθεν εἰς αὐτοὺς πνεῦμα ζωῆς; vs. 5). Of the spirit that animated the image of a beast, and enabled it to speak and to have Christians put to death 13:15.—After a person’s death, the πν. lives on as an independent being, in heaven πνεύματα δικαὶων τετελειωμένων Hb 12:23 (cp. Da 3:86 εὐλογεῖτε, πνεύματα καὶ ψυχαὶ δικαίων, τὸν κύριον). According to non-biblical sources, the πν. are in the netherworld (cp. En 22:3–13; Sib Or 7, 127) or in the air (PGM 1, 178), where evil spirits can prevent them from ascending higher (s. ἀήρ2b). τοῖς ἐν φυλακῇ πνεύμασιν πορευθεὶς ἐκήρυξεν 1 Pt 3:19 belongs here if it refers to Jesus’ preaching to the spirits of the dead confined in Hades (so Usteri et al.; s. also JMcCulloch, The Harrowing of Hell, 1930), whether it be when he descended into Hades, or when he returned to heaven (so RBultmann, Bekenntnis u. Liedfragmente im 1 Pt: ConNeot11, ’47, 1–14).—CClemen, Niedergefahren zu den Toten 1900; JTurmel, La Descente du Christ aux enfers 1905; JMonnier, La Descente aux enfers 1906; HHoltzmann, ARW 11, 1908, 285–97; KGschwind, Die Niederfahrt Christi in die Unterwelt 1911; DPlooij, De Descensus in 1 Pt 3:19 en 4:6: TT 47, 1913, 145–62; JBernard, The Descent into Hades a Christian Baptism (on 1 Pt 3:19ff): Exp. 8th ser., 11, 1916, 241–74; CSchmidt, Gespräche Jesu mit seinen Jüngern: TU 43, 1919, 452ff; JFrings, BZ 17, 1926, 75–88; JKroll, Gott u. Hölle ’32; RGanschinietz, Katabasis: Pauly-W. X/2, 1919, 2359–449; Clemen2 89–96; WBieder, Die Vorstellung v. d. Höllenfahrt Jesu Chr. ’49; SJohnson, JBL 79, ’60, 48–51; WDalton, Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits ’65. S. also the lit. in Windisch, Hdb.2 1930, exc. on 1 Pt 3:20; ESelwyn, The First Ep. of St. Peter ’46 and 4c below.—This is prob. also the place for θανατωθεὶς μὲν σαρκὶ ζωοποιηθεὶς δὲ πνεύματι• ἐν ᾧ καὶ … 1 Pt 3:18f (some mss. read πνεύματι instead of πνεύμασιν in vs. 19, evidently in ref. to the manner of Jesus’ movement; πνεῦμα is that part of Christ which, in contrast to σάρξ, did not pass away in death, but survived as an individual entity after death; s. ἐν 7). Likew. the contrast κατὰ σάρκα … κατὰ πνεῦμα Ro 1:3f. Cp. 1 Ti 3:16.
    ③ a part of human personality, spirit
    ⓐ when used with σάρξ, the flesh, it denotes the immaterial part 2 Cor 7:1; Col 2:5. Flesh and spirit=the whole personality, in its outer and inner aspects, oft. in Ign.: IMg 1:2; 13:1a; ITr ins; 12:1; IRo ins; ISm 1:1; IPol 5:1; AcPl Ant 13, 18 (=Aa I 237, 3).—In the same sense beside σῶμα, the body (Simplicius, In Epict. p. 50, 1; Ps.-Phoc. 106f; PGM 1, 178) 1 Cor 5:3–5; 7:34.—The inner life of humans is divided into ψυχὴ καὶ πνεῦμα (cp. Ps.-Pla., Axioch. 10 p. 370c τὶ θεῖον ὄντως ἐνῆν πνεῦμα τῇ ψυχῇ=a divine spirit was actually in the soul; Wsd 15:11; Jos., Ant. 1, 34; Tat. 13, 2; 15, 1 et al.; Ath. 27, 1. S. also Herm. Wr. 10, 13; 16f; PGM 4, 627; 630. ἐκ τριῶν συνεστάναι λέγουσι τὸν ἄνθρωπον ἐκ ψυχῆς καὶ σώματος καὶ πνεύματος Did., Gen. 55, 14) Hb 4:12. Cp. Phil 1:27. τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ ψυχὴ καὶ τὸ σῶμα 1 Th 5:23 (s. GMilligan, Thess. 1908, 78f; EvDobschütz in Meyer X7 1909, 230ff; EBurton, Spirit, Soul, and Flesh 1918; AFestugière, La Trichotomie des 1 Th 5:23 et la Philos. gr.: RSR 20, 1930, 385–415; CMasson, RTP 33, ’45, 97–102; FGrant, An Introd. to NT Thought ’50, 161–66). σαρκί, ψυχῇ, πνεύματι IPhld 11:2.
    ⓑ as the source and seat of insight, feeling, and will, gener. as the representative part of human inner life (cp. PGM 4, 627; 3 Km 20:5; Sir 9:9 al.; Just., D. 30, 1; Did., Gen. 232, 5) ἐπιγνοὺς ὁ Ἰησοῦς τῷ πν. αὐτοῦ Mk 2:8. ἀναστενάξας τῷ πν. αὐτοῦ λέγει 8:12 (s. ἀναστενάζω). ἠγαλλίασεν τὸ πν. μου Lk 1:47 (in parallelism w. ψυχή vs. 46, as Sir 9:9). ἠγαλλιάσατο τῷ πν. 10:21 v.l., Ἰησοῦς ἐνεβριμήσατο τῷ πν. J 11:33 (s. ἐμβριμάομαι 3); Ἰης. ἐταράχθη τῷ πν. 13:21. παρωξύνετο τὸ πν. αὐτοῦ ἐν αὐτῷ Ac 17:16; ζέων τῷ πν. with spirit-fervor 18:25 (s. ζέω). τὸ παιδίον ἐκραταιοῦτο πνεύματι Lk 1:80; 2:40 v.l.; ἔθετο ὁ Παῦλος ἐν τῷ πν. Paul made up his mind Ac 19:21 (some would put this pass. in 6c, but cp. Lk 1:66 and analogous formulations Hom. et al. in L-S-J-M s.v. τίθημι A6). προσκυνήσουσιν τῷ πατρὶ ἐν πνεύματι of the spiritual, i.e. the pure, inner worship of God, that has nothing to do w. holy times, places, appurtenances, or ceremonies J 4:23; cp. vs. 24b. πν. συντετριμμένον (Ps 50:19) 1 Cl 18:17; 52:4.—2 Cl 20:4; Hv 3, 12, 2; 3, 13, 2.—This usage is also found in Paul. His conviction (s. 5 below) that the Christian possesses the (divine) πνεῦμα and thus is different fr. all other people, leads him to choose this word in preference to others, in order to characterize a believer’s inner being gener. ᾧ λατρεύω ἐν τῷ πν. μου Ro 1:9. οὐκ ἔσχηκα ἄνεσιν τῷ πν. μου 2 Cor 2:13. Cp. 7:13. As a matter of fact, it can mean simply a person’s very self or ego: τὸ πνεῦμα συμμαρτυρεῖ τῷ πνεύματι ἡμῶν the Spirit (of God) bears witness to our very self Ro 8:16 (cp. PGM 12, 327 ἠκούσθη μου τὸ πνεῦμα ὑπὸ πνεύματος οὐρανοῦ). ἀνέπαυσαν τὸ ἐμὸν πν. καὶ τὸ ὑμῶν they have refreshed both me and you 1 Cor 16:18. ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰ. Χρ. μετά τοῦ πν. (ὑμῶν) Gal 6:18; Phil 4:23; Phlm 25. Cp. 2 Ti 4:22. Likew. in Ign. τὸ ἐμὸν πν. my (unworthy) self IEph 18:1; IRo 9:3; cp. 1 Cor 2:11a—On the relation of the divine Spirit to the believer’s spiritual self, s. SWollenweider, Der Geist Gottes als Selbst der Glaubenden: ZTK 93, ’96, 163–92.—Only a part of the inner life, i.e. that which concerns the will, is meant in τὸ μὲν πνεῦμα πρόθυμον, ἡ δὲ σὰρξ ἀσθενής Mt 26:41; Mk 14:38; Pol 7:2. That which is inferior, anxiety, fear of suffering, etc. is attributed to the σάρξ.—The mng. of the expr. οἱ πτωχοὶ τῷ πνεύματι Mt 5:3 is difficult to determine w. certainty (cp. Pla., Ep. 7, 335a πένης ἀνὴρ τὴν ψυχήν. The dat. as τῇ ψυχῇ M. Ant. 6, 52; 8, 51). The sense is prob. those who are poor in their inner life, because they do not have a misdirected pride in their own spiritual riches (s. AKlöpper, Über den Sinn u. die ursprgl. Form der ersten Seligpreisung der Bergpredigt bei Mt: ZWT 37, 1894, 175–91; RKabisch, Die erste Seligpreisung: StKr 69, 1896, 195–215; KKöhler, Die ursprgl. Form der Seligpreisungen: StKr 91, 1918, 157–92; JBoehmer, De Schatkamer 17, 1923, 11–16, TT [Copenhagen] 4, 1924, 195–207, JBL 45, 1926, 298–304; WMacgregor, ET 39, 1928, 293–97; VMacchioro, JR 12, ’32, 40–49; EEvans, Theology 47, ’44, 55–60; HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion 1922, 134ff; Betz, SM 116 n. 178 for Qumran reff.).
    ⓒ spiritual state, state of mind, disposition ἐν ἀγάπῃ πνεύματί τε πραΰτητος with love and a gentle spirit 1 Cor 4:21; cp. Gal 6:1. τὸ πν. τοῦ νοὸς ὑμῶν Eph 4:23 (s. νοῦς 2a). ἐν τῷ ἀφθάρτῳ τοῦ ἡσυχίου πνεύματος with the imperishable (gift) of a quiet disposition 1 Pt 3:4.
    ④ an independent noncorporeal being, in contrast to a being that can be perceived by the physical senses, spirit (ELangton, Good and Evil Spirits ’42).
    ⓐ God personally: πνεῦμα ὁ θεός J 4:24a (Ath. 16, 2; on God as a spirit, esp. in the Stoa, s. MPohlenz, D. Stoa ’48/49. Hdb. ad loc. Also Celsus 6, 71 [Stoic]; Herm. Wr. 18, 3 ἀκάματον μέν ἐστι πνεῦμα ὁ θεός).
    ⓑ good, or at least not expressly evil spirits or spirit-beings (cp. CIG III, 5858b δαίμονες καὶ πνεύματα; Proclus on Pla., Cratyl. p. 69, 6; 12 Pasqu.; En 15:4; 6; 8; 10; TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 15f [Stone p. 10, 15f] πάντα τὰ ἐπουράνια πνεύματα; TestAbr B 13 p. 117, 26 [Stone p. 82] ὑψηλὸν πν.; PGM 3, 8 ἐπικαλοῦμαί σε, ἱερὸν πνεῦμα; 4, 1448; 3080; 12, 249) πνεῦμα w. ἄγγελος (cp. Jos., Ant. 4, 108; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 3, 33; 8, 12) Ac 23:8f. God is ὁ παντὸς πνεύματος κτίστης καὶ ἐπίσκοπος 1 Cl 59:3b.—Pl., God the μόνος εὐεργέτης πνεύματων 1 Cl 59:3a. Cp. 64 (s. on this Num 16:22; 27:16. Prayers for vengeance fr. Rheneia [Dssm., LO 351–55=LAE 423ff=SIG 1181, 2] τὸν θεὸν τὸν κύριον τῶν πνευμάτων; PGM 5, 467 θεὸς θεῶν, ὁ κύριος τῶν πν.; sim. the magic pap PWarr 21, 24; 26 [III A.D.]); the πατὴρ τῶν πνευμάτων Hb 12:9. Intermediary beings (in polytheistic terminology: δαίμονες) that serve God are called λειτουργικὰ πνεύματα Hb 1:14. In Rv we read of the ἑπτὰ πνεύματα (τοῦ θεοῦ) 1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6; s. ASkrinjar, Biblica 16, ’35, 1–24; 113–40.— Ghost Lk 24:37, 39.
    ⓒ evil spirits (PGM 13, 798; 36, 160; TestJob 27, 2; ApcSed [both Satan]; AscIs 3:28; Just., D. 39, 6 al.; Ath. 25, 3), esp. in accounts of healing in the Synoptics: (τὸ) πνεῦμα (τὸ) ἀκάθαρτον (Just., D. 82, 3) Mt 12:43; Mk 1:23, 26; 3:30; 5:2, 8; 7:25; 9:25a; Lk 8:29; 9:42; 11:24; Rv 18:2. Pl. (TestBenj 5:2) Mt 10:1; Mk 1:27; 3:11; 5:13; 6:7; Lk 4:36; 6:18; Ac 5:16; 8:7; Rv 16:13; ending of Mk in the Freer ms.—τὸ πν. τὸ πονηρόν Ac 19:15f. Pl. (En 99:7; TestSim 4:9; 6:6, TestJud 16:1; Just., D. 76, 6) Lk 7:21; 8:2; Ac 19:12f.—πν. ἄλαλον Mk 9:17; cp. vs. 25b (s. ἄλαλος). πν. πύθων Ac 16:16 (s. πύθων). πν. ἀσθενείας Lk 13:11. Cp. 1 Ti 4:1b. πνεῦμα δαιμονίου ἀκαθάρτου (s. δαιμόνιον 2) Lk 4:33. πνεύματα δαιμονίων Rv 16:14 (in effect = personified ‘exhalations’ of evil powers; for the combination of πν. and δαιμ. cp. the love spell Sb 4324, 16f τὰ πνεύματα τῶν δαιμόνων τούτων).—Abs. of a harmful spirit Mk 9:20; Lk 9:39; Ac 16:18. Pl. Mt 8:16; 12:45; Lk 10:20; 11:26.—1 Pt 3:19 (s. 2 above) belongs here if the πνεύματα refer to hostile spirit-powers, evil spirits, fallen angels (so FSpitta, Christi Predigt an die Geister 1890; HGunkel, Zum religionsgesch. Verständnis des NT 1903, 72f; WBousset, ZNW 19, 1920, 50–66; Rtzst., Herr der Grösse 1919, 25ff; Knopf, Windisch, FHauck ad loc.; BReicke, The Disobedient Spirits and Christian Baptism ’46, esp. 54–56, 69).—Hermas also has the concept of evil spirits that lead an independent existence, and live and reign within the inner life of a pers.; the Holy Spirit, who also lives or would like to live there, is forced out by them (cp. TestDan 4) Hm 5, 1, 2–4; 5, 2, 5–8; 10, 1, 2. τὸ πν. τὸ ἅγιον … ἕτερον πονηρὸν πν. 5, 1, 2. These πνεύματα are ὀξυχολία 5, 1, 3; 5, 2, 8 (τὸ πονηρότατον πν.); 10, 1, 2; διψυχία 9:11 (ἐπίγειον πν. ἐστι παρὰ τοῦ διαβόλου); 10, 1, 2; λύπη 10, 1, 2 (πάντων τῶν πνευμάτων πονηροτέρα) and other vices. On the complicated pneuma-concept of the Mandates of Hermas s. MDibelius, Hdb. exc. on Hm 5, 2, 7; cp. Leutzsch, Hermas 453f n. 133.
    ⑤ God’s being as controlling influence, with focus on association with humans, Spirit, spirit as that which differentiates God fr. everything that is not God, as the divine power that produces all divine existence, as the divine element in which all divine life is carried on, as the bearer of every application of the divine will. All those who belong to God possess or receive this spirit and hence have a share in God’s life. This spirit also serves to distinguish Christians fr. all unbelievers (cp. PGM 4, 1121ff, where the spirit is greeted as one who enters devotees and, in accordance w. God’s will, separates them fr. themselves, i.e. fr. the purely human part of their nature); for this latter aspect s. esp. 6 below.
    ⓐ the Spirit of God, of the Lord (=God) etc. (LXX; TestSim 4:4; JosAs 8:11; ApcSed 14:6; 15:6; ApcMos 43; SibOr 3, 701; Ps.-Phoc. 106; Philo; Joseph. [s. c below]; apolog. Cp. Plut., Numa 4, 6 πνεῦμα θεοῦ, capable of begetting children; s. παρθένος a) τὸ πν. τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 2:11b, 14; 3:16; 6:11; 1J 4:2a (Just., D. 49, 3; Tat. 13, 3; Ath. 22, 3). τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ πν. 1 Pt 4:14 (Just., A I, 60, 6). τὸ πν. τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 2:12b. τὸ πν. κυρίου Ac 5:9; B 6:14; B 9:2 (cp. Mel., P. 32, 222). τὸ πνεῦμά μου or αὐτοῦ: Mt 12:18 (Is 42:1); Ac 2:17f (Jo 3:1f.—Cp. 1QS 4:21); 1 Cor 2:10a v.l.; Eph 3:16; 1 Th 4:8 (where τὸ ἅγιον is added); 1J 4:13.—τὸ πν. τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν Mt 10:20. τὸ πν. τοῦ ἐγείραντος τὸν Ἰησοῦν Ro 8:11a.—Without the art. πν. θεοῦ (JosAs 4:9; Tat. 15:3; Theoph. Ant. 1, 5 [p. 66, 18]) the Spirit of God Mt 3:16; 12:28; Ro 8:9b, 14, 19; 1 Cor 7:40; 12:3a; 2 Cor 3:3 (πν. θεοῦ ζῶντος); Phil 3:3. πν. κυρίου Lk 4:18 (Is 61:1); Ac 8:39 (like J 3:8; 20:22; Ac 2:4, this pass. belongs on the borderline betw. the mngs. ‘wind’ and ‘spirit’; cp. Diod S 3, 60, 3 Ἕσπερον ἐξαίφνης ὑπὸ πνευμάτων συναρπαγέντα μεγάλων ἄφαντον γενέσθαι ‘Hesperus [a son of Atlas] was suddenly snatched by strong winds and vanished fr. sight’. S. HLeisegang, Der Hl. Geist I 1, 1919, 19ff; OCullmann, TZ. 4, ’48, 364); 1 Cl 21:2.
    ⓑ the Spirit of Christ, of the Lord (=Christ) etc. τὸ πν. Ἰησοῦ Ac 16:7. τὸ πν. Χριστοῦ AcPlCor 2:32. τὸ ἐν αὐτοῖς πν. Χριστοῦ 1 Pt 1:11. πν. Χριστοῦ Ro 8:9c. πν. τοῦ Χριστοῦ AcPl Ha 8, 18. ἀπὸ τοῦ πν. τοῦ χριστοῦ AcPlCor 2:10. τὸ πν. Ἰης. Χριστοῦ Phil 1:19. τὸ πν. κυρίου 2 Cor 3:17b (JHermann, Kyrios und Pneuma, ’61). τὸ πν. τοῦ υἱοῦ αὐτοῦ (=θεοῦ) Gal 4:6. As possessor of the divine Spirit, and at the same time controlling its distribution among humans, Christ is called κύριος πνεύματος Lord of the Spirit 2 Cor 3:18 (s. Windisch ad loc.); but many prefer to transl. from the Lord who is the Spirit.—CMoule, OCullmann Festschr., ’72, 231–37.
    ⓒ Because of its heavenly origin and nature this Spirit is called (the) Holy Spirit (cp. PGM 4, 510 ἵνα πνεύσῃ ἐν ἐμοὶ τὸ ἱερὸν πνεῦμα.—Neither Philo nor Josephus called the Spirit πν. ἅγιον; the former used θεῖον or θεοῦ πν., the latter πν. θεῖον: Ant. 4, 118; 8, 408; 10, 239; but ἅγιον πνεῦμα Orig. C. Cels 1, 40, 16).
    α. w. the art. τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον (Is 63:10f; Ps 50:13; 142:10 v.l.; cp. Sus 45 Theod.; TestAbr A 4 p. 81, 10 [Stone p. 10]; JosAs 8:11 [codd. ADE]; AscIs 3, 15, 26; Just., D. 36, 6 al.) Mt 12:32 = Mk 3:29 = Lk 12:10 (τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα; on the ‘sin against the Holy Spirit’ s. HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion 1922, 96–112; AFridrichsen, Le péché contre le Saint-Esprit: RHPR 3, 1923, 367–72). Mk 12:36; 13:11; Lk 2:26; 3:22; 10:21; J 14:26; Ac 1:16; 2:33; 5:3, 32; 7:51; 8:18 v.l.; 10:44, 47; 11:15; 13:2; 15:8, 28; 19:6; 20:23, 28; 21:11; 28:25; Eph 1:13 (τὸ πν. τῆς ἐπαγγελίας τὸ ἅγιον); 4:30 (τὸ πν. τὸ ἅγιον τοῦ θεοῦ); Hb 3:7; 9:8; 10:15; 1 Cl 13:1; 16:2; 18:11 (Ps 50:13); 22:1; IEph 9:1; Hs 5, 5, 2; 5, 6, 5–7 (on the relationship of the Holy Spirit to the Son in Hermas s. ALink, Christi Person u. Werk im Hirten des Hermas 1886; JvWalter, ZNW 14, 1913, 133–44; MDibelius, Hdb. exc. following Hs 5, 6, 8 p. 572–76).—τὸ ἅγιον πνεῦμα (Wsd 9:17; OdeSol 11:2; TestJob 51:2; ApcEsdr 7:16; Just. D. 25, 1 al.) Mt 28:19; Lk 12:10 (s. above), 12; Ac 1:8; 2:38 (epexegetic gen.); 4:31; 9:31; 10:45; 13:4; 16:6; 1 Cor 6:19; 2 Cor 13:13; 1J 5:7 v.l. (on the Comma Johanneum s. λόγο 3); GJs 24:4 (s. χρηματίζω 1bα). As the mother of Jesus GHb 20, 61 (HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion 1922, 64ff; SHirsch, D. Vorstellg. v. e. weibl. πνεῦμα ἅγ. im NT u. in d. ältesten christl. Lit. 1927. Also WBousset, Hauptprobleme der Gnosis 1907, 9ff).
    β. without the art. (s. B-D-F §257, 2; Rob. 761; 795) πνεῦμα ἅγιον (PGM 3, 289; Da 5:12 LXX; PsSol 17:37; AssMos Fgm. b; Just., D. 4, 1 al.; Ath. 24, 1. S. also Da Theod. 4:8, 9, 18 θεοῦ πνεῦμα ἅγιον or πνεῦμα θεοῦ ἅγιον) Mk 1:8; Lk 1:15, 35, 41, 67; 2:25; 4:1; 11:13; J 20:22 (Cassien, La pentecôte johannique [J 20:19–23] ’39.—See also 1QS 4:20f); Ac 2:4a; 4:8; 7:55; 8:15, 17, 19; 9:17; 10:38; 11:24; 13:9; 19:2ab; Hb 2:4; 6:4; 1 Pt 1:12 v.l.; 1 Cl 2:2; AcPl 6:18; 9:4 (restored after Aa I 110, 11); AcPlCor 2:5.—So oft. in combination w. a prep.: διὰ πνεύματος ἁγίου Ac 1:2; 4:25; Ro 5:5; 2 Ti 1:14; 1 Cl 8:1 (cp. διὰ πν. αἰωνίου Hb 9:14). διὰ φωνῆς πν. ἁγίου AcPl Ha 11, 6. ἐκ πνεύματος ἁγίου (Eus., PE 3, 12, 3 of the Egyptians: ἐκ τ. πνεύματος οἴονται συλλαμβάνειν τὸν γῦπα. Here πνεῦμα= ‘wind’; s. Horapollo 1, 11 p. 14f. The same of other birds since Aristot.—On the neut. πνεῦμα as a masc. principle cp. Aristoxenus, Fgm. 13 of the two original principles: πατέρα μὲν φῶς, μητέρα δὲ σκότος) Mt 1:18, 20; IEph 18:2; GJs 14:2; 19:1 (pap). ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ (PsSol 17:37; ApcZeph; Ar. 15, 1) Mt 3:11; Mk 1:8 v.l.; Lk 3:16; J 1:33b; Ac 1:5 (cp. 1QS 3:7f); 11:16; Ro 9:1; 14:17; 15:16; 1 Cor 12:3b; 2 Cor 6:6; 1 Th 1:5; 1 Pt 1:12 (without ἐν v.l.); Jd 20. ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου 2 Pt 1:21. Cp. ἐν δυνάμει πνεύματος ἁγίου Ro 15:13, 19 v.l. (for πνεύματος θεοῦ). μετὰ χαρᾶς πνεύματος ἁγίου 1 Th 1:6. διὰ ἀνακαινώσεως πνεύματος ἁγίου Tit 3:5.
    ⓓ abs.
    α. w. the art. τὸ πνεῦμα. In this connection the art. is perh. used anaphorically at times, w. the second mention of a word (s. B-D-F §252; Rob. 762); perh. Mt 12:31 (looking back to vs. 28 πν. θεοῦ); Mk 1:10, 12 (cp. vs. 8 πν. ἅγιον); Lk 4:1b, 14 (cp. vs. 1a); Ac 2:4b (cp. vs. 4a).—As a rule it is not possible to assume that anaphora is present: Mt 4:1; J 1:32, 33a; 3:6a, 8b (in wordplay), 34; 7:39a; Ac 8:29; 10:19; 11:12, 28; 19:1 D; 20:3 D, 22; 21:4; Ro 8:23 (ἀπαρχή 1bβ; 2), 26a, 27; 12:11; 15:30; 2 Cor 1:22 and 5:5 (KErlemann, ZNW 83, ’92, 202–23, and s. ἀρραβών); 12:18 (τῷ αὐτῷ πν.); Gal 3:2, 5, 14 (ἐπαγγελία 1bβ); Eph 4:3 (gen. of the author); 6:17 (perh. epexegetic gen.); 1 Ti 4:1a; Js 4:5; 1J 3:24; 5:6ab (some mss. add καὶ πνεύματος to the words διʼ ὕδατος κ. αἵματος at the beg. of the verse; this is approved by HvSoden, Moffatt, Vogels, Merk, and w. reservations by CDodd, The Joh. Epistles ’46, TManson, JTS 48, ’47, 25–33), vs. 8; Rv 2:7, 11, 17, 29; 3:6, 13, 22; 14:13; 22:17; B 19:2, B 7= D 4:10 (s. ἐτοιμάζω b). ἐν τῷ πνεύματι (led) by the Spirit Lk 2:27.—Paul links this Spirit of God, known to every Christian, with Christ as liberating agent in contrast to legal constraint ὁ κύριος τὸ πνεῦμα ἐστιν the Lord means Spirit 2 Cor 3:17a (UHolzmeister, 2 Cor 3:17 Dominus autem Spiritus est 1908; JNisius, Zur Erklärung v. 2 Cor 3:16ff: ZKT 40, 1916, 617–75; JKögel, Ὁ κύριος τὸ πνεῦμά ἐστιν: ASchlatter Festschr. 1922, 35–46; C Guignebert, Congr. d’Hist. du Christ. II 1928, 7–22; EFuchs, Christus u. d. Geist b. Pls ’32; HHughes, ET 45, ’34, 235f; CLattey, Verb. Dom. 20, ’40, 187–89; DGriffiths ET 55, ’43, 81–83; HIngo, Kyrios und Pneuma, ’61 [Paul]; JDunn, JTS 21, ’70, 309–20).
    β. without the art. πνεῦμα B 1:3. κοινωνία πνεύματος Phil 2:1 (κοινωνία 1 and 2). πνεύματι in the Spirit or through the Spirit Gal 3:3; 5:5, 16, 18; 1 Pt 4:6. εἰ ζῶμεν πνεύματι, πνεύματι καὶ στοιχῶμεν if we live by the Spirit, let us also walk by the Spirit Gal 5:25. Freq. used w. a prep.: διὰ πνεύματος 1 Pt 1:22 v.l. ἐξ (ὕδατος καὶ) πνεύματος J 3:5. ἐν πνεύματι in, by, through the Spirit Mt 22:43; Eph 2:22; 3:5; 5:18; 6:18; Col 1:8 (ἀγάπη ἐν πνεύματι love called forth by the Spirit); B 9:7. κατὰ πνεῦμα Ro 8:4f; Gal 4:29. ἐν ἁγιασμῷ πνεύματος 2 Th 2:13; 1 Pt 1:2 (s. ἁγιασμός).—In neg. expressions: οὔπω ἧν πνεῦμα the Spirit had not yet come J 7:39b. ψυχικοὶ πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες worldly people, who do not have the Spirit Jd 19.—ἓν πνεῦμα one and the same Spirit 1 Cor 12:13; Eph 2:18; 4:4; one (in) Spirit 1 Cor 6:17.
    ⓔ The Spirit is more closely defined by a gen. of thing: τὸ πν. τῆς ἀληθείας (TestJud 20:5) J 14:17; 15:26; 16:13 (in these three places the Spirit of Truth is the Paraclete promised by Jesus upon his departure); 1J 4:6 (opp. τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς πλάνης, as TestJud 20:1; PsSol 8:14 πλ. πλανήσεως; Just., D. 7, 3 πλάνου καὶ ἀκαθάρτου πνεύματος; cp. 1QS 4:23); τὸ τῆς δόξης πν. 1 Pt 4:14. τὸ πν. τῆς ζωῆς the Spirit of life Ro 8:2. το πν. τῆς πίστεως 2 Cor 4:13. πν. σοφίας καὶ ἀποκαλύψεως Eph 1:17 (cp. Just., D. 87, 4). πν. υἱοθεσίας Ro 8:15b (opp. πν. δουλείας vs. 15a). πν. δυνάμεως AcPl Ha 8, 25. πν. δυνάμεως καὶ ἀγάπης καὶ σωφρονισμοῦ 2 Ti 1:7 (opp. πν. δειλίας). τὸ πν. τῆς χάριτος (s. TestJud 24:2) Hb 10:29 (Zech 12:10); cp. 1 Cl 46:6.
    ⓕ Of Christ ‘it is written’ in Scripture: (ἐγένετο) ὁ ἔσχατος Ἀδὰμ εἰς πνεῦμα ζῳοποιοῦν 1 Cor 15:45. The scripture pass. upon which the first part of this verse is based is Gen 2:7, where Wsd 15:11 also substitutes the words πνεῦμα ζωτικόν for πνοὴν ζωῆς (cp. Just., D. 6, 2). On the other hand, s. Philo, Leg. All. 1, 42 and s. the lit. s.v. Ἀδάμ ad loc.
    ⓖ The (divine) Pneuma stands in contrast to everything that characterizes this age or the finite world gener.: οὐ τὸ πν. τοῦ κόσμου ἀλλὰ τὸ πν. τὸ ἐκ τοῦ θεοῦ 1 Cor 2:12; cp. Eph 2:2 and 1 Ti 4:1ab.
    α. in contrast to σάρξ, which is more closely connected w. sin than any other earthly material (Just., D. 135, 6): J 3:6; Ro 8:4–6, 9a, 13; Gal 3:3; 5:17ab; 6:8. Cp. B 10:9. πᾶσα ἐπιθυμία κατὰ τοῦ πνεύματος στρατεύεται Pol 5:3.
    β. in contrast to σῶμα (=σάρξ) Ro 8:10 and to σάρξ (=σῶμα, as many hold) J 6:63a (for τὸ πν. ἐστιν τὸ ζῳοποιοῦν cp. Philo, Op. Mund. 30; Herm. Wr. in Cyrill., C. Jul. I 556c=542, 24 Sc. the pneuma τὰ πάντα ζῳοποιεῖ καὶ τρέφει. S. also f above). Cp. Ro 8:11b.
    γ. in contrast to γράμμα, which is the characteristic quality of God’s older declaration of the divine will in the law: Ro 2:29; 7:6; 2 Cor 3:6ab, 8 (cp. vs. 7).
    δ. in contrast to the wisdom of humans 1 Cor 2:13.
    ⑥ the Spirit of God as exhibited in the character or activity of God’s people or selected agents, Spirit, spirit (s. HPreisker, Geist u. Leben ’33).
    ⓐ πνεῦμα is accompanied by another noun, which characterizes the working of the Spirit more definitely: πνεῦμα καὶ δύναμις spirit and power Lk 1:17; 1 Cor 2:4. Cp. Ac 10:38; 1 Th 1:5. πνεῦμα καὶ ζωή J 6:63b. πνεῦμα κ. σοφία Ac 6:3; cp. vs. 10 (cp. TestReub 2:6 πνεῦμα λαλίας). πίστις κ. πνεῦμα ἅγιον 6:5 (cp. Just., D. 135, 6). χαρὰ καὶ πνεῦμα ἅγ. 13:52.
    ⓑ Unless frustrated by humans in their natural condition, the Spirit of God produces a spiritual type of conduct Gal 5:16, 25 and produces the καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος vs. 22 (s. Vögtle under πλεονεξία).
    ⓒ The Spirit inspires certain people of God B 12:2; B 13:5, above all, in their capacity as proclaimers of a divine revelation (Strabo 9, 3, 5 the πνεῦμα ἐνθουσιαστικόν, that inspired the Pythia; Περὶ ὕψους 13, 2; 33, 5 of the divine πν. that impels prophets and poets to express themselves; schol. on Pla. 856e of a μάντις: ἄνωθεν λαμβάνειν τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ πληροῦσθαι τοῦ θεοῦ; Aristobulus in Eus., PE 8, 10, 4 [=Fgm. 2, 4 p. 136 Holladay] τὸ θεῖον πν., καθʼ ὸ̔ καὶ προφήτης ἀνακεκήρυκται ‘[Moses possessed] the Divine Spirit with the result that he was proclaimed a prophet’; AscIs 1:7 τὸ πν. τὸ λαλοῦν ἐν ἐμοί; AssMos Fgm. f εἶδεν πνεύματι ἐπαρθείς; Just., A I, 38, 1 al.; Ath. 10, 3 τὸ προφητικὸν πν. Cp. Marinus, Vi. Procli 23 of Proclus: οὐ γὰρ ἄνευ θείας ἐπινοίας … διαλέγεσθαι; Orig., C. Cels. 3, 28, 23). προφητεία came into being only as ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου φερόμενοι ἐλάλησαν ἀπὸ θεοῦ ἄνθρωποι 2 Pt 1:21; cp. Ac 15:29 v.l.; cp. 1 Cl 8:1. David Mt 22:43; Mk 12:36; cp. Ac 1:16; 4:25. Isaiah Ac 28:25. Moses B 10:2, B 9; the Spirit was also active in giving the tables of the law to Moses 14:2. Christ himself spoke in the OT διὰ τοῦ πνεύματος τοῦ ἁγίου 1 Cl 22:1. The ἱεραὶ γραφαί are called αἱ διὰ τοῦ πν. τοῦ ἁγίου 45:2.—The Christian prophet Agabus also ἐσήμαινεν διὰ τοῦ πν. Ac 11:28; cp. Ac 21:11. Likew. Ign. IPhld 7:2. In general the Spirit reveals the most profound secrets to those who believe 1 Cor 2:10ab.—1 Cl claims to be written διὰ τοῦ ἁγ. πν. 63:2. On Ac 19:21 s. 3b.
    ⓓ The Spirit of God, being one, shows the variety and richness of its life in the different kinds of spiritual gifts which are granted to certain Christians 1 Cor 12:4, 7, 11; cp. vs. 13ab.—Vss. 8–10 enumerate the individual gifts of the Spirit, using various prepositions: διὰ τοὺ πν. vs. 8a; κατὰ τὸ πν. vs. 8b; ἐν τῷ πν. vs. 9ab. τὸ πν. μὴ σβέννυτε do not quench the Spirit 1 Th 5:19 refers to the gift of prophecy, acc. to vs. 20.—The use of the pl. πνεύματα is explained in 1 Cor 14:12 by the varied nature of the Spirit’s working; in vs. 32 by the number of persons who possess the prophetic spirit; on the latter s. Rv 22:6 and 19:10.
    ⓔ One special type of spiritual gift is represented by ecstatic speaking. Of those who ‘speak in tongues’ that no earthly person can understand: πνεύματι λαλεῖ μυστήρια expresses secret things in a spiritual way 1 Cor 14:2. Cp. vss. 14–16 and s. νοῦς 1b. τὸ πνεῦμα ὑπερεντυγχάνει στεναγμοῖς ἀλαλήτοις the Spirit pleads in our behalf with groans beyond words Ro 8:26b. Of speech that is ecstatic, but expressed in words that can be understood λαλεῖν ἐν πνεύματι D 11:7, 8; cp. vs. 9 (on the subject-matter 1 Cor 12:3; Jos., Ant. 4, 118f; TestJob 43:2 ἀναλαβὼν Ἐλιφᾶς πν. εἶπεν ὕμνον). Of the state of mind of the seer of the Apocalypse: ἐν πνεύματι Rv 17:3; 21:10; γενέσθαι ἐν πν. 1:10; 4:2 (s. γίνομαι 5c, ἐν 4c and EMoering, StKr 92, 1920, 148–54; RJeske, NTS 31, ’85, 452–66); AcPl Ha 6, 27. On the Spirit at Pentecost Ac 2:4 s. KLake: Beginn. I 5, ’33, 111–21. κατασταλέντος τοῦ πν. τοῦ ἐν Μύρτῃ when the Spirit (of prophecy) that was in Myrta ceased speaking AcPl Ha 7, 9.
    ⓕ The Spirit leads and directs Christian missionaries in their journeys (Aelian, NA 11, 16 the young women are led blindfolded to the cave of the holy serpent; they are guided by a πνεῦμα θεῖον) Ac 16:6, 7 (by dreams, among other methods; cp. vs. 9f and s. Marinus, Vi. Procli 27: Proclus ἔφασκεν προθυμηθῆναι μὲν πολλάκις γράψαι, κωλυθῆναι δὲ ἐναργῶς ἔκ τινων ἐνυπνίων). In Ac 16:6–7 τὸ ἅγιον πν. and τὸ πν. Ἰησοῦ are distinguished.
    ⑦ an activating spirit that is not fr. God, spirit: πν. ἔτερον a different (kind of) spirit 2 Cor 11:4. Cp. 2 Th 2:2; 1J 4:1–3. Because there are persons activated by such spirits, it is necessary to test the var. kinds of spirits (the same problem Artem. 3, 20 περὶ διαφορᾶς μάντεων, οἷς δεῖ προσέχειν καὶ οἷς μή) 1 Cor 12:10; 1J 4:1b. ὁ διάβολος πληροῖ αὐτὸν αὐτοῦ πν. Hm 11:3. Also οὐκ οἴδατε ποίου πνεύματός ἐστε Lk 9:55 v.l. distinguishes betw. the spirit shown by Jesus’ disciples, and another kind of spirit.—Even more rarely a spirit divinely given that is not God’s own; so (in a quot. fr. Is 29:10) a πνεῦμα κατανύξεως Ro 11:8.
    ⑧ an independent transcendent personality, the Spirit, which appears in formulas that became more and more fixed and distinct (cp. Ath. 12, 2; Hippol., Ref. 7, 26, 2.—Ps.-Lucian, Philopatr. 12 θεόν, υἱόν πατρός, πνεῦμα ἐκ πατρὸς ἐκπορευόμενον ἓν ἐκ τριῶν καὶ ἐξ ἑνὸς τρία, ταῦτα νόμιζε Ζῆνα, τόνδʼ ἡγοῦ θεόν=‘God, son of the father, spirit proceeding from the father, one from three and three from one, consider these as Zeus, think of this one as God’. The entire context bears a Christian impress.—As Aion in gnostic speculation Iren. 1, 2, 5 [Harv. I 21, 2]): βαπτίζοντες αὐτοὺς εἰς τὸ ὄνομα τοῦ πατρὸς καὶ τοῦ υἱοῦ καὶ τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος Mt 28:19 (on the text s. βαπτίζω 2c; on the subject-matter GWalther, Die Entstehung des Taufsymbols aus dem Taufritus: StKr 95, 1924, 256ff); D 7:1, 3. Cp. 2 Cor 13:13; 1 Cl 58:2; IEph 9:1; IMg 13:1b, 2; MPol 14:3; 22:1, 3; Epil Mosq 5. On this s. HUsener, Dreiheit: RhM 58, 1903, 1ff; 161ff; 321ff; esp. 36ff; EvDobschütz, Zwei-u. dreigliedrige Formeln: JBL 50, ’31, 116–47 (also Heinrici Festschr. 1914, 92–100); Norden, Agn. Th. 228ff; JMainz, Die Bed. der Dreizahl im Judentum 1922; Clemen2 125–28; NSöderblom, Vater, Sohn u. Geist 1909; DNielsen, Der dreieinige Gott I 1922; GKrüger, Das Dogma v. der Dreieinigkeit 1905, 46ff; AHarnack, Entstehung u. Entwicklung der Kirchenverfassung 1910, 187ff; JHaussleiter, Trinitarischer Glaube u. Christusbekenntnis in der alten Kirche: BFCT XXV 4, 1920; JLebreton, Histoire du dogme de la Trinité I: Les origines6 1927; RBlümel, Pls u. d. dreieinige Gott 1929.—On the whole word FRüsche, D. Seelenpneuma ’33; HLeisegang, Der Hl. Geist I 1, 1919; EBurton, ICC Gal 1921, 486–95; PVolz, Der Geist Gottes u. d. verwandten Erscheinungen im AT 1910; JHehn, Zum Problem des Geistes im alten Orient u. im AT: ZAW n.s. 2, 1925, 210–25; SLinder, Studier till Gamla Testamentets föreställningar om anden 1926; AMarmorstein, Der Hl. Geist in der rabb. Legende: ARW 28, 1930, 286–303; NSnaith, The Distinctive Ideas of the OT ’46, 229–37; FDillistone, Bibl. Doctrine of the Holy Spirit: Theology Today 3, ’46/47, 486–97; TNicklin, Gospel Gleanings ’50, 341–46; ESchweizer, CDodd Festschr., ’56, 482–508; DLys, Rûach, Le Souffle dans l’AT, ’62; DHill, Gk. Words and Hebr. Mngs. ’67, 202–93.—HGunkel, Die Wirkungen des Hl. Geistes2 1899; HWeinel, Die Wirkungen des Geistes u. der Geister im nachap. Zeitalter 1899; EWinstanley, The Spirit in the NT 1908; HSwete, The Holy Spirit in the NT 1909, The Holy Spirit in the Ancient Church 1912; EScott, The Spirit in the NT 1923; FBüchsel, Der Geist Gottes im NT 1926; EvDobschütz, Der Geistbesitz des Christen im Urchristentum: Monatsschr. für Pastoral-theol. 20, 1924, 228ff; FBadcock, ‘The Spirit’ and Spirit in the NT: ET 45, ’34, 218–21; RBultmann, Theologie des NT ’48, 151–62 (Eng. tr. KGrobel, ’51, I 153–64); ESchweizer, Geist u. Gemeinde im NT ’52, Int 6, ’52, 259–78.—WTosetti, Der Hl. Geist als göttliche Pers. in den Evangelien 1918; HLeisegang, Pneuma Hagion. Der Ursprung des Geistbegriffs der Syn. Ev. aus der griech. Mystik 1922; AFrövig, Das Sendungsbewusstsein Jesu u. der Geist 1924; HWindisch, Jes. u. d. Geist nach Syn. Überl.: Studies in Early Christianity, presented to FCPorter and BWBacon 1928, 209–36; FSynge, The Holy Spirit in the Gospels and Acts: CQR 120, ’35, 205–17; CBarrett, The Holy Spirit and the Gospel Trad. ’47.—ESokolowski, Die Begriffe Geist u. Leben bei Pls 1903; KDeissner, Auferstehungshoffnung u. Pneumagedanke bei Pls 1912; GVos, The Eschatological Aspect of the Pauline Conception of the Spirit: Bibl. and Theol. Studies by the Faculty of Princeton Theol. Sem. 1912, 209–59; HBertrams, Das Wesen des Geistes nach d. Anschauung des Ap. Pls 1913; WReinhard, Das Wirken des Hl. Geistes im Menschen nach den Briefen des Ap. Pls 1918; HHoyle, The Holy Spirit in St. Paul 1928; PGächter, Z. Pneumabegriff des hl. Pls: ZKT 53, 1929, 345–408; ASchweitzer, D. Mystik des Ap. Pls 1930, 159–74 al. [Mysticism of Paul the Apostle, tr. WMontgomery ’31, 160–76 al.]; E-BAllo, RB 43, ’34, 321–46 [1 Cor]; Ltzm., Hdb. exc. after Ro 8:11; Synge [s. above], CQR 119, ’35, 79–93 [Pauline epp.]; NWaaning, Onderzoek naar het gebruik van πνεῦμα bij Pls, diss. Amsterd. ’39; RJewett, Paul’s Anthropological Terms, ’71, 167–200.—HvBaer, Der Hl. Geist in den Lukasschriften 1926; MGoguel, La Notion joh. de l’Esprit 1902; JSimpson, The Holy Spirit in the Fourth Gospel: Exp., 9th ser., 4, 1925, 292–99; HWindisch, Jes. u. d. Geist im J.: Amicitiae Corolla (RHarris Festschr.) ’33, 303–18; WLofthouse, The Holy Spirit in Ac and J: ET 52, ’40/41, 334–36; CBarrett, The Holy Spirit in the Fourth Gospel: JTS 1 n.s., ’50, 1–15; FCrump, Pneuma in the Gospels, diss. Catholic Univ. of America, ’54; GLampe, Studies in the Gospels (RHLightfoot memorial vol.) ’55, 159–200; NHamilton, The Holy Spirit and Eschatology in Paul, ’57; WDavies, Paul and the Dead Sea Scrolls, Flesh and Spirit: The Scrolls and the NT, ed. KStendahl, ’57, 157–82.—GJohnston, ‘Spirit’ and ‘Holy Spirit’ in the Qumran Lit.: NT Sidelights (ACPurdy Festschr.) ’60, 27–42; JPryke, ‘Spirit’ and ‘Flesh’ in Qumran and NT, RevQ 5, ’65, 346–60; HBraun, Qumran und d. NT II, ’66, 150–64; DHill, Greek Words and Hebrew Meanings, ’67, 202–93; WBieder, Pneumatolog. Aspekte im Hb, OCullmann Festschr. ’72, 251–59; KEasley, The Pauline Usage of πνεύματι as a Reference to the Spirit of God: JETS 27, ’84, 299–313 (statistics).—B. 260; 1087. Pauly-W. XIV 387–412. BHHW I 534–37. Schmidt, Syn. II 218–50. New Docs 4, 38f. DELG s.v. πνέω. M-M. Dict. de la Bible XI 126–398. EDNT. TW. Sv.

    Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πνεῦμα

  • 17 provocar

    v.
    1 to provoke.
    El golpe provocó su muerte The blow brought about her death.
    Sus comentarios provocaron al borracho His comments provoked the drunk.
    2 to cause, to bring about (causar) (accidente, muerte).
    provocar las iras de alguien to anger somebody
    provocó las risas de todos he made everyone laugh
    el polvo me provoca estornudos dust makes me sneeze
    3 to lead on (excitar sexualmente).
    * * *
    Conjugation model [ SACAR], like link=sacar sacar
    1 to provoke
    \
    provocar el parto to induce birth
    provocar un incendio (con intención) to commit arson 2 (sin intención) to cause a fire
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=causar) [+ protesta, explosión] to cause, spark off; [+ fuego] to cause, start (deliberately); [+ cambio] to bring about, lead to; [+ proceso] to promote
    2) [+ parto] to induce, bring on
    3) [+ persona] [gen] to provoke; (=incitar) to rouse, stir up (to anger); (=tentar) to tempt, invite

    ¡no me provoques! — don't start me!

    provocar a algn a cólera o indignación — to rouse sb to fury

    4) [sexualmente] to rouse
    2. VI
    1) LAm (=gustar, apetecer)

    ¿te provoca un café? — would you like a coffee?, do you fancy a coffee?

    ¿qué le provoca? — what would you like?, what do you fancy?

    no me provoca la idea — the idea doesn't appeal to me, I don't fancy the idea

    -¿por qué no vas? -no me provoca — "why aren't you going?" - "I don't feel like it"

    no me provoca estudiar hoy — I'm not in the mood for studying today, I don't feel like studying today

    2) * (=vomitar) to be sick, throw up *
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) < explosión> to cause; < incendio> to start; < polémica> to spark off, prompt
    b) (Med)

    provocar el parto — to induce labor*

    2) < persona> ( al enfado) to provoke; ( sexualmente) to lead... on
    2.
    provocar vi (Andes) ( apetecer)

    ¿le provoca un traguito? — do you want a drink?, do you fancy a drink? (BrE colloq)

    * * *
    = provoke, spark off, trigger, induce, bring on, elicit, instigate, tease, evoke, titillate, ignite, rouse, stir up, spark, twit, taunt, tantalise [tantalize, -USA], touch off, set off, hit + a (raw) nerve, strike + a nerve, bring about, precipitate, incite, touch + a (raw) nerve, give + rise to, give + cause to, give + occasion to.
    Ex. 3 different kinds of paper were deacidified by different aqueous and nonaqueous methods, and then treated to provoke accelerated attack of air pollutants.
    Ex. Like the librarians and the bookshop staff, the club members are catalysts who spark off that fission which will spread from child to child an awareness of books and the habit of reading them.
    Ex. Nevertheless, the fact that these general lists cannot serve for every application has triggered a search for more consistent approaches.
    Ex. Then, the reference librarian has better justification to buy and perhaps to induce others to contribute to the purchase.
    Ex. In frequent cases, unionization is brought on by the inept or irresponsible action of management.
    Ex. This article looks at ways in which librarians in leadership roles can elicit the motivation, commitment, and personal investment of members of the organisation.
    Ex. The first mass removal of material was instigated by the trade unions and although admitted in 1932 to have been a mistake, the purges proved difficult to stop.
    Ex. I like to be considered one of the team, to joke with and tease the employee but that sure creates a problem when I have to discipline, correct, or fire an employee.
    Ex. It is known that in ancient Rome the complexity of the administrative job evoked considerable development of management techniques.
    Ex. However, some of the central premises of the film are flawed, and the risqué touches, whether racial or erotic innuendo, are primarily there to titillate and make the film seem hot and controversial.
    Ex. In turn, that change ignited a body of literature that discussed those cataloguers' future roles.
    Ex. The spirit, if not the content, of Marx can be the joust to rouse the sleepy theory of academic sociology.
    Ex. The goal of this guidebook is to help writers activate their brains to stir up more and better ideas and details.
    Ex. The nineteenth century was, quite rightly, fearful of any system of spreading knowledge which might spark the tinder box of unrest.
    Ex. Don't be tempted into twitting me with the past knowledge that you have of me, because it is identical with the past knowledge that I have of you, and in twitting me, you twit yourself.
    Ex. The writer describes how he spent his school days avoiding bullies who taunted him because he was a dancer.
    Ex. He may have wished to tease and tantalize his readers by insoluble problems.
    Ex. This decision touched off a battle of wills between the library and the government as well as a blitz of media publicity.
    Ex. The dollar has been losing value, weakening its status as the world's major currency and setting off jitters in the international financial system.
    Ex. Based on their account, it seems obvious that Beauperthuy hit a raw nerve among some of the medical research leaders of the day.
    Ex. His plethoric prose produced by a prodigious placement of words struck a nerve.
    Ex. Untruth brings about ill reputation and indignity.
    Ex. What precipitated that furor was that Panizzi's volume represented a uncompromising rejection of the comfortable ideology of the finding catalog.
    Ex. It is illegal to operate websites inciting terrorism under the Terrorism Act.
    Ex. Obama's election seems to have touched a raw nerve in conservative white America, unleashing a torrent of right-wing rage unseen in this country.
    Ex. The method of indexing called post-coordinate indexing gives rise to physical forms of indexes which differ from the more 'traditional' catalogues mentioned above.
    Ex. That crucial evidence was withheld from the final report could give cause to bring charges of criminal negligence.
    Ex. Many soldiers took advantage of the impoverished conditions giving occasion to assaults, rapes and murders.
    ----
    * provocar cambios = wreak + changes.
    * provocar controversia = arouse + controversy.
    * provocar el debate = prompt + discussion, spark + debate, stir + debate.
    * provocar escarnio = evoke + response.
    * provocar estragos = create + havoc, wreak + havoc, cause + havoc.
    * provocar estragos en = play + havoc with.
    * provocar la controversia = court + controversy.
    * provocar la ira de Alguien = incur + Posesivo + wrath.
    * provocar menosprecio = evoke + scorn.
    * provocar sospechas = stir + suspicion.
    * provocar una crisis = precipitate + crisis.
    * provocar una guerra = ignite + war, precipitate + war.
    * provocar una protesta = call forth + protest.
    * provocar una reacción = cause + reaction, provoke + reaction.
    * provocar un ataque = provoke + attack.
    * provocar un cambio = bring about + change.
    * provocar un debate = ignite + debate.
    * provocar un diálogo = elicit + dialogue.
    * provocar un gran alboroto = make + a splash.
    * provocar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) < explosión> to cause; < incendio> to start; < polémica> to spark off, prompt
    b) (Med)

    provocar el parto — to induce labor*

    2) < persona> ( al enfado) to provoke; ( sexualmente) to lead... on
    2.
    provocar vi (Andes) ( apetecer)

    ¿le provoca un traguito? — do you want a drink?, do you fancy a drink? (BrE colloq)

    * * *
    = provoke, spark off, trigger, induce, bring on, elicit, instigate, tease, evoke, titillate, ignite, rouse, stir up, spark, twit, taunt, tantalise [tantalize, -USA], touch off, set off, hit + a (raw) nerve, strike + a nerve, bring about, precipitate, incite, touch + a (raw) nerve, give + rise to, give + cause to, give + occasion to.

    Ex: 3 different kinds of paper were deacidified by different aqueous and nonaqueous methods, and then treated to provoke accelerated attack of air pollutants.

    Ex: Like the librarians and the bookshop staff, the club members are catalysts who spark off that fission which will spread from child to child an awareness of books and the habit of reading them.
    Ex: Nevertheless, the fact that these general lists cannot serve for every application has triggered a search for more consistent approaches.
    Ex: Then, the reference librarian has better justification to buy and perhaps to induce others to contribute to the purchase.
    Ex: In frequent cases, unionization is brought on by the inept or irresponsible action of management.
    Ex: This article looks at ways in which librarians in leadership roles can elicit the motivation, commitment, and personal investment of members of the organisation.
    Ex: The first mass removal of material was instigated by the trade unions and although admitted in 1932 to have been a mistake, the purges proved difficult to stop.
    Ex: I like to be considered one of the team, to joke with and tease the employee but that sure creates a problem when I have to discipline, correct, or fire an employee.
    Ex: It is known that in ancient Rome the complexity of the administrative job evoked considerable development of management techniques.
    Ex: However, some of the central premises of the film are flawed, and the risqué touches, whether racial or erotic innuendo, are primarily there to titillate and make the film seem hot and controversial.
    Ex: In turn, that change ignited a body of literature that discussed those cataloguers' future roles.
    Ex: The spirit, if not the content, of Marx can be the joust to rouse the sleepy theory of academic sociology.
    Ex: The goal of this guidebook is to help writers activate their brains to stir up more and better ideas and details.
    Ex: The nineteenth century was, quite rightly, fearful of any system of spreading knowledge which might spark the tinder box of unrest.
    Ex: Don't be tempted into twitting me with the past knowledge that you have of me, because it is identical with the past knowledge that I have of you, and in twitting me, you twit yourself.
    Ex: The writer describes how he spent his school days avoiding bullies who taunted him because he was a dancer.
    Ex: He may have wished to tease and tantalize his readers by insoluble problems.
    Ex: This decision touched off a battle of wills between the library and the government as well as a blitz of media publicity.
    Ex: The dollar has been losing value, weakening its status as the world's major currency and setting off jitters in the international financial system.
    Ex: Based on their account, it seems obvious that Beauperthuy hit a raw nerve among some of the medical research leaders of the day.
    Ex: His plethoric prose produced by a prodigious placement of words struck a nerve.
    Ex: Untruth brings about ill reputation and indignity.
    Ex: What precipitated that furor was that Panizzi's volume represented a uncompromising rejection of the comfortable ideology of the finding catalog.
    Ex: It is illegal to operate websites inciting terrorism under the Terrorism Act.
    Ex: Obama's election seems to have touched a raw nerve in conservative white America, unleashing a torrent of right-wing rage unseen in this country.
    Ex: The method of indexing called post-coordinate indexing gives rise to physical forms of indexes which differ from the more 'traditional' catalogues mentioned above.
    Ex: That crucial evidence was withheld from the final report could give cause to bring charges of criminal negligence.
    Ex: Many soldiers took advantage of the impoverished conditions giving occasion to assaults, rapes and murders.
    * provocar cambios = wreak + changes.
    * provocar controversia = arouse + controversy.
    * provocar el debate = prompt + discussion, spark + debate, stir + debate.
    * provocar escarnio = evoke + response.
    * provocar estragos = create + havoc, wreak + havoc, cause + havoc.
    * provocar estragos en = play + havoc with.
    * provocar la controversia = court + controversy.
    * provocar la ira de Alguien = incur + Posesivo + wrath.
    * provocar menosprecio = evoke + scorn.
    * provocar sospechas = stir + suspicion.
    * provocar una crisis = precipitate + crisis.
    * provocar una guerra = ignite + war, precipitate + war.
    * provocar una protesta = call forth + protest.
    * provocar una reacción = cause + reaction, provoke + reaction.
    * provocar un ataque = provoke + attack.
    * provocar un cambio = bring about + change.
    * provocar un debate = ignite + debate.
    * provocar un diálogo = elicit + dialogue.
    * provocar un gran alboroto = make + a splash.
    * provocar un gran revuelo = set + the cat among the pigeons, put + the cat among the pigeons.

    * * *
    provocar [A2 ]
    vt
    A
    1 (causar, ocasionar) to cause
    un cigarrillo pudo provocar la explosión the explosion may have been caused by a cigarette
    una decisión que ha provocado violentas polémicas a decision which has sparked off o prompted violent controversy
    no se sabe qué provocó el incendio it is not known what started the fire
    2 ( Med):
    provocar el parto to induce labor*
    las pastillas le provocaron una reacción cutánea the pills caused o brought on a skin reaction
    el antígeno provoca la formación de anticuerpos the antigen stimulates the production of antibodies
    B ‹persona›
    1 (al enfado) to provoke
    2 (en sentido sexual) to lead … on
    ■ provocar
    vi
    ( Andes) (apetecer): ¿le provoca un traguito? do you want a drink?, do you fancy a drink? ( BrE colloq)
    ( refl):
    se disparó un tiro provocándose la muerte he shot (and killed) himself
    * * *

     

    provocar ( conjugate provocar) verbo transitivo
    1
    a) ‹ explosión› to cause;

    ‹ incendio› to start;
    ‹ polémica› to spark off, prompt;
    ‹ reacción› to cause
    b) (Med) ‹ parto› to induce

    2 ‹ persona› ( al enfado) to provoke;
    ( sexualmente) to lead … on
    verbo intransitivo (Andes) ( apetecer):
    ◊ ¿le provoca un traguito? do you want a drink?, do you fancy a drink? (BrE colloq)

    provocar verbo transitivo
    1 (causar) to cause: su decisión fue provocada por..., his decision was prompted by..., provocar un incendio, to start a fire
    2 (un parto, etc) to induce: tuvieron que provocarle el vómito, they had to make her vomit
    3 (irritar, enfadar) to provoke: no lo provoques, don't provoke him
    4 (la ira, etc) to rouse
    (un aplauso) to provoke
    5 (excitar el deseo sexual) to arouse, provoke

    ' provocar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    campanada
    - desatar
    - engendrar
    - hacer
    - motivar
    - organizar
    - pinchar
    - chulear
    - dar
    - meter
    - parto
    - reclamo
    - torear
    English:
    bait
    - bring
    - bring about
    - bring on
    - cause
    - excite
    - fight
    - incur
    - induce
    - instigate
    - invite
    - prompt
    - provoke
    - raise
    - rouse
    - roust
    - short-circuit
    - spark off
    - start
    - stir up
    - tease
    - trigger
    - disturbance
    - draw
    - elicit
    - evoke
    - short
    - spark
    - stir
    - taunt
    - whip
    - wreck
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [incitar] to provoke;
    ¡no me provoques! don't provoke me!
    2. [causar] [accidente, muerte] to cause;
    [incendio, rebelión] to start; [sonrisa, burla] to elicit;
    una placa de hielo provocó el accidente the accident was caused by a sheet of black ice;
    provocó las risas de todos he made everyone laugh;
    el polvo me provoca estornudos dust makes me sneeze;
    su actitud me provoca más lástima que otra cosa her attitude makes me pity her more than anything else
    3. [excitar sexualmente] to lead on;
    le gusta provocar a los chicos con su ropa she likes to tease the boys with her clothes
    ♦ vi
    Carib, Col, Méx Fam [apetecer]
    ¿te provoca ir al cine? would you like to go to the movies?, Br do you fancy going to the cinema?;
    ¿te provoca un vaso de vino? would you like a glass of wine?, Br do you fancy a glass of wine?;
    ¿qué te provoca? what would you like to do?, Br what do you fancy doing?
    * * *
    v/t
    1 cause
    2 el enfado provoke
    3 sexualmente lead on
    4 parto induce
    5
    :
    ¿te provoca un café? S.Am. how about a coffee?
    * * *
    provocar {72} vt
    1) causar: to provoke, to cause
    2) irritar: to provoke, to pique
    * * *
    1. (en general) to cause
    2. (incendio) to start
    3. (una persona) to provoke

    Spanish-English dictionary > provocar

  • 18 spirito

    m spirit
    ( disposizione) mind
    ( umorismo) wit
    * * *
    spirito s.m.
    1 ( ente spirituale) spirit: Dio è puro spirito, God is pure spirit; il regno degli spiriti, the realm of spirits; lo spirito del bosco, the woodland spirit // spirito folletto, sprite // lo Spirito Maligno, the Evil One // lo Spirito Santo, the Holy Ghost (o the Holy Spirit)
    2 ( afflato vitale) spirit; ( anima) soul: gli spiriti animali, the animal spirits; spirito vitale, spirit of life; esalare lo spirito, to breathe one's last (o to give up one's spirit); le esigenze del corpo e quelle dello spirito, bodily and spiritual needs
    3 (fil.) ( contrapposto a materia) spirit: i valori dello spirito, spiritual values; sono con lui in spirito, I am with him in spirit
    4 ( fantasma) spirit; ghost; phantom: in questa casa ci sono degli spiriti, this house is haunted; credere negli spiriti, to believe in ghosts
    5 ( mente, intelligenza) mind: presenza di spirito, presence of mind // spirito profetico, prophetic spirit
    6 ( persona di spiccate doti intellettuali) spirit; mind: uno spirito eletto, a master spirit; i grandi spiriti, the great minds; uno dei migliori spiriti del suo paese, one of the leading spirits of his country
    7 ( tendenza informatrice, atteggiamento spirituale) spirit; attitude: lo spirito dell'epoca, the spirit of the age; spirito di contraddizione, osservazione, sacrificio, spirit of contradiction, observation, sacrifice; spirito materno, maternal attitude; fu lo spirito della rivoluzione, he was the leading spirit of the revolution; vivere con spirito sereno, to live serenely; non sono in condizioni di spirito per scherzare, I'm not in the mood to joke // spirito di corpo, esprit de corps; spirito di parte, partisan spirit; spirito di squadra, team spirit // spirito pubblico, public feeling
    8 ( significato essenziale) spirit, (inner) meaning; sense: bisognerebbe sempre seguire lo spirito piuttosto che la lettera della legge, one should always go by the spirit of the law rather than by the letter
    9 ( arguzia) wit; ( umorismo) humour: motto di spirito, witticism; persona di spirito, witty person; non mi sembra ci sia molto spirito in quello che dice, I do not see much humour in what he says; quell'uomo è pieno di spirito, that man is full of wit // fare dello spirito, to be witty: spirito di rapa, di patata, (fam.) obvious (o forced) humour
    10 ( vivacità) life; liveliness: dovresti mettere un po' più di spirito in quello che fai, you ought to put a little more life into what you are doing
    11 (gramm. greca) breathing: spirito aspro, dolce, rough, smooth breathing
    12 (chim.) spirit; alcohol: spirito canforato, camphorated spirit; spirito di legno, wood spirit; lacca a spirito, spirit varnish; lampada a spirito, spirit lamp // frutta sotto spirito, fruit preserved in alcohol.
    * * *
    I ['spirito]
    sostantivo maschile
    1) (atteggiamento) spirit

    spirito di corpo — esprit de corps, solidarity

    spirito di contraddizione — contrariness, spirit of contradiction

    2) (stato d'animo) spirit, mood

    persona di spirito — wit, witty person

    battuta o motto di spirito witticism; fare dello spirito to be witty o funny, to crack jokes; ha preso la cosa con spirito — he took it with a bit of humour

    4) (persona) spirit
    6) relig. spirit
    II ['spirito]
    sostantivo maschile (alcol) alcohol, spirit
    * * *
    spirito1
    /'spirito/
    sostantivo m.
     1 (atteggiamento) spirit; spirito di adattamento adaptability; spirito di squadra team spirit; spirito di corpo esprit de corps, solidarity; spirito di contraddizione contrariness, spirit of contradiction; giovane di spirito young at heart o in spirit
     2 (stato d'animo) spirit, mood; sono nello spirito adatto per I'm in the right mood for
     3 (senso dell'umorismo) wit; persona di spirito wit, witty person; battuta o motto di spirito witticism; fare dello spirito to be witty o funny, to crack jokes; ha preso la cosa con spirito he took it with a bit of humour
     4 (persona) spirit; uno spirito libero a free spirit; un bello spirito a wit
     5 (caratteristica essenziale) spirit; nello spirito dell'epoca in the spirit of the times; secondo lo spirito della legge in accordance with the law; entrare nello spirito del gioco to enter into the spirit of the game
     6 relig. spirit; lo Spirito Santo the Holy Spirit
     7 (essere soprannaturale) spirit; spirito maligno evil spirit; nel castello ci sono gli -i the castle is haunted.
    ————————
    spirito2
    /'spirito/
    sostantivo m.
    (alcol) alcohol, spirit; lampada a spirito spirit lamp; ciliege sotto spirito cherries in alcohol.

    Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > spirito

  • 19 esforzarse

    1 (físicamente) to make an effort, exert oneself; (moralmente) to try hard, strive
    * * *
    verb
    to strive, make an effort
    * * *
    VPR to exert o.s., make an effort

    hay que esforzarse más — you must try harder, you must make more effort

    esforzarse en o por conseguir algo — to struggle o strive to achieve sth

    * * *
    = put forth + effort, put forth + energy, strive, strain, labour [labor, -USA], toil, struggle, work + hard, slave away, try + hard.
    Ex. Because of this human characteristic of dislike of work, most people must be coerced, controlled, directed, threatened with punishment to get them to put forth adequate effort.
    Ex. The goal may be of little value or of high scientific or cultural significance, but energy is put forth to accomplish a task.
    Ex. The abstractor must resist the temptation to use long sentences in striving to avoid repetition.
    Ex. His small foreign-made car strained with the added burden of an interior packed to capacity with personal belongings and a heavily laden U-Haul trailor attached to the rear.
    Ex. So we see many wits and ingenuities lying scattered up and down the world, whereof some are now labouring to do what is already done and puzzling themselves to reinvent what is already invented.
    Ex. His novels reflect the story of the spirit of man, undaunted and ceaselessly toiling and achieving ever higher levels of culture.
    Ex. The chemist, struggling with the synthesis of an organic compound, has all the chemical literature before him in his laboratory.
    Ex. Not only are the standards written, but there is a body called the Peer Council which works very hard at enforcing the standards.
    Ex. Anyone who's spoken to me recently is probably aware that on most nights I'm up slaving away to the wee hours of the morning on my project.
    Ex. Over the years the profession has tried hard to ignore the steady stream of library school closings.
    ----
    * esforzarse al máximo = do + Posesivo + utmost, stretch + Reflexivo, stretch + Nombre + to the limit, give + Posesivo + utmost, lean over + backwards, work + hard, give + Posesivo + best.
    * esforzarse por = endeavour [endeavor, -USA], try + Posesivo + best, go out of + Posesivo + way to + Infinitivo, do + Posesivo + best, exert + effort, try + Posesivo + heart out, give + Posesivo + best, take + (great) pains to.
    * esforzarse por conseguir = strive for, work toward(s).
    * esforzarse por lograr = strive for.
    * * *
    = put forth + effort, put forth + energy, strive, strain, labour [labor, -USA], toil, struggle, work + hard, slave away, try + hard.

    Ex: Because of this human characteristic of dislike of work, most people must be coerced, controlled, directed, threatened with punishment to get them to put forth adequate effort.

    Ex: The goal may be of little value or of high scientific or cultural significance, but energy is put forth to accomplish a task.
    Ex: The abstractor must resist the temptation to use long sentences in striving to avoid repetition.
    Ex: His small foreign-made car strained with the added burden of an interior packed to capacity with personal belongings and a heavily laden U-Haul trailor attached to the rear.
    Ex: So we see many wits and ingenuities lying scattered up and down the world, whereof some are now labouring to do what is already done and puzzling themselves to reinvent what is already invented.
    Ex: His novels reflect the story of the spirit of man, undaunted and ceaselessly toiling and achieving ever higher levels of culture.
    Ex: The chemist, struggling with the synthesis of an organic compound, has all the chemical literature before him in his laboratory.
    Ex: Not only are the standards written, but there is a body called the Peer Council which works very hard at enforcing the standards.
    Ex: Anyone who's spoken to me recently is probably aware that on most nights I'm up slaving away to the wee hours of the morning on my project.
    Ex: Over the years the profession has tried hard to ignore the steady stream of library school closings.
    * esforzarse al máximo = do + Posesivo + utmost, stretch + Reflexivo, stretch + Nombre + to the limit, give + Posesivo + utmost, lean over + backwards, work + hard, give + Posesivo + best.
    * esforzarse por = endeavour [endeavor, -USA], try + Posesivo + best, go out of + Posesivo + way to + Infinitivo, do + Posesivo + best, exert + effort, try + Posesivo + heart out, give + Posesivo + best, take + (great) pains to.
    * esforzarse por conseguir = strive for, work toward(s).
    * esforzarse por lograr = strive for.

    * * *

    ■esforzarse verbo reflexivo to make an effort [por, to]: se esfuerza por ser agradable, he takes pains to be pleasant
    ' esforzarse' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    afanarse
    - aplicarse
    - desvivirse
    - esmerarse
    - pelear
    - pujar
    - sudar
    - trabajarse
    - empeñar
    - esforzar
    - matar
    English:
    all-out
    - buck up
    - effort
    - exert
    - flog
    - pain
    - peer
    - seek
    - strain
    - strive
    - endeavor
    - try
    - utmost
    * * *
    vpr
    to make an effort;
    tienes que esforzarte más si quieres aprobar you'll have to make more of an effort if you want to pass;
    nos esforzamos, pero fue imposible ganarlos we tried very hard, but they were impossible to beat;
    no te esfuerces, no puede oírte don't bother (shouting), she can't hear you;
    se esforzaron enormemente en la tarea they put a huge amount of effort into the task;
    esforzarse en o [m5] por hacer algo to make an effort to do sth;
    me esforcé por ayudarlos I made a real effort o did my best to help them;
    nos hemos esforzado mucho por ti we've made a real effort for you, we've really put ourselves out for you;
    se esforzó en contener las lágrimas she tried hard to hold back the tears
    * * *
    v/r make an effort, try hard
    * * *
    vr
    : to make an effort
    * * *
    esforzarse vb to try hard [pt. & pp. tried] / to work hard
    se esforzó mucho he tried very hard / he worked very hard

    Spanish-English dictionary > esforzarse

  • 20 ånd

    * * *
    (en -er)
    ( sind, mods legeme; også: stor personlighed) mind ( fx body and mind; the triumph of mind over matter; he was one of the greatest minds of his time); spirit ( fx the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak);
    ( overnaturligt væsen) spirit, genie ( fx the Spirit (el. Genie) of the Lamp (, of the Ring));
    ( spøgelse) ghost ( fx Hamlet's father's ghost), spirit;
    ( tænkemåde) spirit ( fx the spirit of the 18th century);
    ( åndelig kraft, indre princip) genius ( fx men of genius; the genius of the language);
    (i hær etc) morale;
    ( tone, retning) spirit ( fx we accept the spirit as well as the letter of the treaty), drift ( fx the drift of what he said),
    F tenor;
    [ når ånden kommer over ham] when the spirit moves him;
    [ opgive ånden] give up the ghost;
    [ åndens verden] the spiritual world;
    [ med adj:]
    [ beslægtede ånder] kindred souls (el. spirits), congenial spirits;
    [ de dødes ånder] the spirits of the dead;
    [ hans gode (, onde) ånd] his good (, evil) genius;
    [ en ond ånd] an evil spirit;
    ( indianernes gud) the Great Spirit;
    (spøg.: tjener etc) menial,
    ( troldmands) familiar;
    [ med i:]
    [ i ånden] in spirit;
    [ forstå noget i den ånd det er skrevet] understand something in the spirit in which it was written;
    [ optage det i den rette ånd] take it in the right spirit;
    [ganske i X.s ånd] quite in the spirit of X.;
    [ i ånd og sandhed] in spirit and in truth;
    [ jeg ser ham i ånden] I see him in my mind's eye.

    Danish-English dictionary > ånd

Страницы

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